Online service platform (OSP) generating and transmitting on behalf of primary entity to third party proposal of the primary entity while maintaining the primary entity anonymous

ABSTRACT

An online software platform (OSP) produces, by applying resource digital rules to previous relationship instance data of a primary entity data associated with one or more secondary entities of the domain, a domain resource regarding the domain. The OSP may then determine, by applying an alignment digital rule of the domain to the relationship instance data and the domain resource, whether or not an alignment condition of the domain is met, which indicates whether resources for relationship instances of the primary entity should have been remitted to the domain. If the alignment condition is not met, then the OSP may assemble proposal components, and communicate some of them to the domain on behalf of the primary entity to remit the resources, without initially communicating those proposal components that would reveal the identity of the primary entity.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field relates to computers in networks, and particularlyto networked automated systems for generating and transmitting on behalfof primary entity to a third party a proposal of the primary entitywhile maintaining the primary entity anonymous.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present description gives instances of computer systems, devices andstorage media that may store programs and methods.

An online service platform (OSP) can be configured to perform one ormore predefined services. Such services may include producing respectiveresources for relationship instances between primary entities andsecondary entities by applying digital rules to respective datasets fromprimary entities that represent the relationship instances. Suchresources may be independently remitted to a domain associated with therelationship instances, and/or with the primary entities, and/or withthe secondary entities. However, some primary entities may have previousrelationship instances, for which resources have not been produced orwhich have not been remitted to one or more associated domains. In fact,some primary entities may not even be aware that resources for suchrelationship instances should have been remitted to a particular domain.These processes take extra computing resources to calculate and remitthe resources properly for such previous relationship instances, andburden the technological systems of the primary entity and domain to goback and correctly produce and remit the resources to the domain whensuch omissions go unrecognized for long periods of time.

Thus, to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the presentdisclosure include functionality that enables the OSP to produce, byapplying resource digital rules to applicable previous relationshipinstance data of the primary entity data associated with one or moresecondary entities of the domain, a domain resource associated with thedomain. The OSP may then determine, by applying an alignment digitalrule of the domain to the applicable relationship instance data and thedomain resource, whether or not an alignment condition of the domain ismet, which indicates whether resources for such relationship instancesshould have been remitted to a particular domain. If the alignmentcondition is not met, then the OSP may assemble proposal components, andcommunicate some of them to the domain on behalf of the primary entityto remit the resources without initially communicating those proposalcomponents that would reveal the identity of the primary entity. If thedomain accepts the proposal, then the identity of the primary entity maybe revealed to the domain. This saves computing resources used todetermine, calculate and remit the resources for such previousrelationship instances. In particular, the system and methods disclosedherein avoid burdening the technological systems of the primary entityand domain from having to go back and produce and remit the resources tothe domain by preventing such omissions going unrecognized anduncorrected for long periods of time. Thus, the automated systems andmethods described herein for an OSP generating and transmitting to athird party, on behalf of a primary entity, a proposal of the primaryentity while maintaining the anonymity of the primary entity, improvethe functioning of computer or other hardware, such as by reducing theprocessing, storage, and/or data transmission resources needed toperform various tasks, thereby enabling the tasks to be performed byless capable, capacious, and/or expensive hardware devices, enabling thetasks to be performed with less latency and/or preserving more of theconserved resources for use in performing other tasks or additionalinstances of the same task.

As shown above and in more detail throughout the present disclosure, thepresent disclosure provides technical improvements in computer networksand to existing computerized systems that facilitate estimation ofresources.

These and other features and advantages of the claimed invention willbecome more readily apparent in view of the embodiments described andillustrated in this specification, namely in this written specificationand the associated drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scalerelative to each other. Like reference numerals designate correspondingparts throughout the several views.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing sample aspects of embodiments of the presentdisclosure involving an OSP generating and transmitting to a thirdparty, on behalf of a primary entity, a proposal notification of theprimary entity while maintaining the anonymity of the primary entity,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method for transmittinga proposal notification to a computer of an agency of a domain,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 3 is a diagram that repeats some of the resource digital main rulesof FIG. 1 in more detail, and juxtaposes them with a flowchart portionfor a sample method of how it may be recognized that conditions of acertain resource digital main rule can be met for its consequent to beapplied, all according to embodiments of the present disclosure, whichis an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example of memory content ofmemory of the computer system of an OSP.

FIG. 4B is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method for assembling,acting to enable and transmitting the proposal notification responsiveto receiving permission input, useful in the method of FIG. 2, accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a plurality of extracted datasetsassociated with a plurality of domains, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

FIG. 6 illustrates the example datasets from FIG. 5 that have beenfiltered according to various embodiments of the disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of application of sample alignment digitalrules to datasets according to various embodiments of the disclosure,which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 8 illustrates a timeline showing how relationship instances thatfall within a same duration may be handled, for which a due date isdefined according to various embodiments of the disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method for performing atleast one of the assembling, the acting to enable and the transmittingof the proposal notification that is useful in the method of FIG. 2,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method for performingthe assembling responsive to a correction eligibility condition beingmet that is useful in the method of FIG. 2, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems.

FIG. 11A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which anotification is presented to a primary entity regarding a determinedlack of alignment with a domain's alignment rules and options forproceeding, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 11B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which a proposalto be sent to an agency of a domain is presented to the primary entityfor signature, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, whichis an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 11C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which anotification is presented to a primary entity indicating a proposal hasbeen sent to an agency of a domain, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

FIG. 12A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which anotification is presented to an agency of a domain indicating a proposalfrom a primary entity is available to view, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems.

FIG. 12B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which a proposalmade from proposal components is presented to an agency of a domain forsignature, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 13 is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which a document ispresented to a primary entity and an agency of a domain that has beensigned by both the primary entity and the agency of the domain,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplarycomputer system according to some exemplary embodiments, which may readinstructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium) and perform any one or more of the processes,methods, and/or functionality discussed herein, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of sample aspects for describing operationalexamples and use cases of embodiments, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a plurality of sample extracteddatasets associated with a plurality of tax jurisdictions, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 17 illustrates the sample datasets from FIG. 16 after they havebeen filtered according to various embodiments of the disclosure, whichis an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of application of tax rules to datasetsaccording to various embodiments of the disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram illustration of an example sequence ofcommunications between the seller, the OSP and the tax authorityaccording to various embodiments of the disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 20A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which anotification is presented to a seller regarding discovered back taxesdue in a tax jurisdiction and options for proceeding, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 20B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which aquestionnaire is presented to a seller regarding qualifications forcreating a voluntary disclosure agreement (VDA), according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 20C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which a furtherportion of a questionnaire started in FIG. 20B and an option to view agenerated VDA is presented to a seller, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

FIG. 20D is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which options tosign and send the VDA of FIG. 20C is presented to a seller, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 20E is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which signatureinformation fields of the UI of FIG. 20D are shown filled out and anoption to send the VDA of FIG. 20C is presented to a seller, accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating elements of showing an exampleof how a VDA may be assembled according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 22A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which a proposalnotification is presented to a tax authority, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems.

FIG. 22B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which moreinstructions about the proposal notification of FIG. 22A are presentedto a tax authority, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 22C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) in which an optionthat permits the tax authority to e-sign, accepting the proposal of FIG.22A is presented to the tax authority, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

FIG. 22D is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) presenting a sampleof what happens when the tax authority has e-signed, the proposal ofFIG. 22A, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIG. 23 is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) showing a samplefollow-up notification, notifying directly both the seller and the taxauthority that a VDA has been reached between the seller and the taxauthority, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems.

FIGS. 24A-24D show a sample VDA that could be reached between a sellerand a tax authority, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments of the inventive subject matter. It will be evident,however, that embodiments of the inventive subject matter may bepracticed without these specific details. In general, well-knownstructures and methods associated with underlying technology have notbeen shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuringdescriptions of the preferred embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing sample aspects of embodiments of the presentdisclosure involving an online software platform (OSP) 198 generatingand transmitting to a third party, on behalf of a primary entity, aproposal notification on behalf of the primary entity while maintainingthe anonymity of the primary entity, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

A thick line 115 separates this diagram, although not completely orrigorously, into a top portion and a bottom portion. Above the line 115the emphasis is mostly on entities, components, their relationships, andtheir interactions, while below the line 115 emphasis is mostly onprocessing of data that takes place often within one or more of thecomponents above the line 115.

Above the line 115 a sample computer system 195 of OSP 198; a network188; a primary entity 193; a primary entity computer system 190 of theprimary entity 193; example secondary entities 196A, 196B and 196C, andrespective relationship instances 197A, 197B and 197C with primaryentity 193; a domain A 141; a domain B 142; an agency 182 of the domainB 142, and an example computer system 144 of the agency 182, accordingto embodiments are shown. The computer system 195 has one or moreprocessors 194 and a memory 130. The memory 130 stores programs 131 anddata 138. The one or more processors 194 and the memory 130 of thecomputer system 195 thus implement a service engine 183. Additionalimplementation details for the computer system 195 are given later inthis document.

The computer system 195 can be located in “the cloud.” In fact, thecomputer system 195 may optionally be implemented as part of the OSP198. The OSP 198 can be configured to perform one or more predefinedservices, for example, via operations of the service engine 183. Suchservices can be, but are not limited to: receiving relationship instancedata of a primary entity 193, such as represented by dataset 135B anddataset 135C, and so on, relating to previous relationship instances(relationship instances 197A, 197B and 197C in the present example) ofthe primary entity 193 with secondary entities (secondary entity 196A,196B and 196C in the present example); identifying a domain (domain B142 in the present example) of at least one of the secondary entities(secondary entity 196B and secondary entity 196C in the present example)from the received data; accessing previously stored resource digitalrules 170 for the domain (domain B 142 in the present example);producing, by the service engine 183 applying the resource digital rules170 to the relationship instance data (dataset 135CB and 135C in thepresent example) of one or more of the secondary entities (secondaryentity 196B and secondary entity 196C in the present example) of thedomain, a domain resource 179 regarding the domain. As also describedbelow, the domain resource 179 may be formed from individual resources179B, 179C, . . . e.g. by addition. In turn, the individual resources179B, 179C, . . . may be produced from respective datasets 135B, 135C, .. . . The individual resources 179B, 179C may be produced by the serviceengine 183, and may be communicated individually to the primary entity193, and/or their sum (domain resource 179) may be communicatedindividually to the primary entity 193. The services of the OSP 198 maythen further include: accessing previously stored alignment digital rule150 for the domain; determining (e.g., at decision point 151), by theservice engine 183 applying the alignment digital rule 150 to at leastone of the relationship instance data (dataset 135B and 135C in thepresent example) and the domain resource 179, whether or not analignment condition of the domain is met; assembling at least some ofpreviously stored proposal components (e.g., the proposed set 153 ofproposal components PC1 161, PC2 162, PC3 163, PC4 164, PC5 165, PC616,); acting to enable specific ones of the assembled proposalcomponents (e.g., indicated specific proposal components 154) to beviewable by a third party, the specific proposal components 154 notincluding an identity of the primary entity (such as PC1 161); causing aproposal notification 136 to be transmitted to a computer system 144 ofan agency 182 of the domain (domain B 142 in the present example), theproposal notification 136 indicating how the enabled specific proposalcomponents 154 may be viewed by a user of a computer system 144 of theagency 182, the proposal notification 136 further requesting anaffirmation input 158 from a computer system 144 of the agency 182; thenreceiving an affirmation input 158 via an electronic communication 157from a computer system 144 of the agency 182 in response to the proposalnotification 136; and then effectuating one or more follow-upnotifications 160 via an electronic communication 159, and so on,including what is described in this document. Such services can beprovided as a Software as a Service (SaaS).

A user 192 may be standalone. The user 192 may use a computer system 190that has a screen 191, on which User Interfaces (UIs) may be shown.Additional sample implementation details for the computer system 190 aregiven later in this document. In embodiments, the user 192 and thecomputer system 190 are considered part of a primary entity, such asprimary entity 193, which can be referred to also merely as an entity ora client of OSP 198. In such instances, the user 192 can be an agent ofthe entity 193, and even within a physical site of the entity 193,although that is not necessary. In embodiments, the computer system 190or other device of the user 192 or the entity 193 are primary entitydevices for the computer system 195.

The computer system 190 and/or computer system 144 may access thecomputer system 195 via a communication network 188, such as theinternet. In particular, the entities and associated systems of FIG. 1may communicate via physical and logical channels of the communicationnetwork 188. For example, information may be communicated as data usingthe Internet Protocol (IP) suite over a packet-switched network such asthe Internet or other packet-switched network, which may be included aspart of the communication network 188. The communication network 188 mayinclude many different types of computer networks and communicationmedia including those utilized by various different physical and logicalchannels of communication, now known or later developed. Non-limitingmedia and communication channel examples include one or more, or anyoperable combination of: fiber optic systems, satellite systems, cablesystems, microwave systems, asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”) systems,frame relay systems, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) systems, radiofrequency (“RF”) systems, telephone systems, cellular systems, otherwireless systems, and the Internet. In various embodiments thecommunication network 188 can be or include any type of network, such asa local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a widearea network (WAN), or the internet.

Downloading or uploading may be permitted from one of the computersystems of FIG. 1 to the other, and so on. Such accessing can beperformed, for instance, with manually uploading files, like spreadsheetfiles, etc. Such accessing can also be performed automatically as shownin the example of FIG. 1. The computer systems of FIG. 1 may exchangerequests and responses with each other. Such can be implemented with anumber of architectures.

In one such architecture, a device remote to the service engine 183,such as computer system 190 and/or computer system 144, may have acertain application (not shown) and a connector (not shown) that is aplugin that sits on top of that certain application. The connector maybe able to fetch from the remote device the details required for theservice desired from the OSP 198, form an object or payload 134, andthen send or push a request 184 that carries the payload 134 to theservice engine 183 via a service call. The service engine 183 mayreceive the request 184 with the payload 134. The request 184 may alsoinclude particular option selections regarding the one or morepredefined services that the OSP 198 can be configured to perform.

The service engine 183 may form a payload 137 that is, for example, anaspect of the domain resource 179, whether or not an alignment conditionof a domain is met by the domain resource 179 and/or a proposalnotification 136 or aspects thereof, and then push, send, or otherwisecause to be transmitted a response 187 that carries the payload 137 tothe connector. The connector reads the response 187 and forwards thepayload 137 to the certain application. Thus, the response 187 may be,or may include, for example, the domain resource 179, whether or not analignment condition of a domain is met by the domain resource 179 and/ora proposal notification 136 or aspects thereof.

In some embodiments, the OSP 198 may generate and deliver a softwaredevelopment kit (SDK) (not shown) including libraries, documentation,code samples, processes, and guides that the primary entity 193 and/oragency 182 can use and integrate with the connector and otherapplications of the computer system 190 to implement functionalitydescribed herein. The SDK may be a collection of software developmenttools in one package installable by the primary entity computer system190. The SDK may facilitate the creation of applications by having acompiler, debugger and a software framework. The SDK may includelibraries, documentation, code samples, processes, and guides that theprimary entity 193 and/or agency 182 can use and integrate with theconnector and other applications of the computer system 190 and/orcomputer system 144 to implement the functionality described herein. Invarious embodiments, the connector may have been built by the primaryentity 193, the agency 182, the OSP 198 or another entity. The primaryentity 193 and/or agency 182 may use the SDK for controlling thedeveloping and adjusting, from the primary entity-side or agency-side,operations of the connector.

In an alternative such architecture, a device remote to the serviceengine 183, such as computer system 190 or computer system 144, may havea particular application (not shown). In addition, the computer system195 may implement a REST (Representational State Transfer) API(Application Programming Interface) (not shown). REST or RESTful APIdesign is designed to take advantage of existing protocols. While RESTcan be used over nearly any protocol, it usually takes advantage of HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) when used for Web APIs. This alternativearchitecture enables the primary entity 193 and/or agency 182 todirectly consume a REST API from their particular application, withoutusing a connector. The particular application of the remote device maybe able to fetch internally from the remote device the details requiredfor the service desired from the OSP 198, and thus send or push therequest 184 to the REST API. In turn, the REST API talks in backgroundto the service engine 183. Again, the service engine 183 determines therequested resource 179B, 179C, . . . and sends an aspect of it back tothe REST API. In turn, the REST API sends the response 187 that has thepayload 137 to the particular application.

Moreover, in some embodiments, data from the computer system 190,computer system 144 and/or the computer system 195 may be stored in anOnline Processing Facility (OPF) 189 that can run software applications,perform operations, and so on. In such embodiments, requests andresponses may be exchanged with the OPF 189, downloading or uploadingmay involve the OPF 189, and so on. In such embodiments, the computersystem 190, computer system 144 and any devices of the OPF 189 can beconsidered to be remote devices, at least from the perspective of thecomputer system 195.

In some instances, the user 192 or the primary entity 193 may haveinstances of relationships with secondary entities. Only three suchsecondary entities 196A, 196B and 196C are shown (which may also bereferred to herein collectively as secondary entity 196). Examples ofsuch instances of relationships are represented by relationship instance197A representing a relationship instance with secondary entity 196A,relationship instance 197B representing a relationship instance withsecondary entity 196B, and relationship instance 197C representing arelationship instance with secondary entity 196C. However, additional orfewer secondary entities may be present in various other embodiments.For example, the primary entity 193 may have a relationship instance197B with the secondary entity 196B via an intermediary entity (notshown).

In some instances, the user 192 and the primary entity 193 may have dataabout one or more secondary entities, for example, via relationshipinstances of the user 192 or primary entity 193 with the secondaryentities 196A, 196B and 196C. The primary entity 193, an intermediaryentity and/or the secondary entities 196A, 196B and 196C may be referredto as simply entities. One of these entities may have one or moreattributes. Such an attribute of such an entity may be any one of itsname, type of entity, a physical or geographical location such as anaddress, a contact information element, an affiliation, acharacterization of another entity, a characterization by anotherentity, an association or relationship with another entity (general orspecific instances), an asset of the entity, a declaration by or onbehalf of the entity, and so on. One of these attributes, or anattribute of a relationship instance, may associate one of theseentities with one of the domains.

In embodiments, the computer system 190 generates one or more datasets.Sample generated datasets 135C and 135B are shown. The datasets 135C and135B have values that can be numerical, alphanumeric, Boolean, and soon, as needed for what the values characterize. For example, an identityvalue ID may indicate an identity of the dataset 135C, so as todifferentiate it from other such datasets. At least one of the values ofthe dataset 135C may characterize an attribute of a certain one of theentities 193 and 196C. (It should be noted that the arrows 199C describea correspondence, but not the journey of data in becoming the dataset135C.) For instance, a value D1 may be the name of the certain entity, avalue D2 may be for relevant data of the entity, and so on. Plus, anoptional value B1 may be a numerical base value for an aspect of thedataset, and so on. The aspect of the dataset may be the aspect of thevalue that characterizes the attribute, an aspect of the reason that thedataset was created in the first place, an indication of an identity orother characteristic of the primary entity 193 and/or the secondaryentity 196C, etc. The dataset 135C may further have additional suchvalues, as indicated by the horizontal dot-dot-dot to the right of thedataset 135C. In some embodiments, the dataset 135C has values thatcharacterize attributes of each of the primary entity 193 and thesecondary entity 196C, but that is not required.

In embodiments, stored resource digital rules 170 and an alignmentdigital rule 150 may be accessed by the computer system 195. Thesedigital rules 170 and 150 are digital in that they are implemented foruse by software. For example, these digital rules 170 and 150 may beimplemented within programs 131 and data 138. The data portion of thesedigital rules 170 and 150 may alternately be implemented in memories inother places, which can be accessed via the network 188. These digitalrules 170 and 150 may be accessed responsive to receiving a dataset,such as the dataset 135C and/or generation of resources, such as theresources 179B, 179C, . . . , and or domain resource 179, and so on.

The resource digital rules 170 may include main rules, which can thus beaccessed by the computer system 195. In this example, three sampledigital main rules are shown explicitly, namely M_RULE5 175, M_RULE6176, and M_RULE7 177. In this example, the digital rules 170 alsoinclude digital precedence rules P_RULE2 172 and P_RULE3 173, which canthus be further accessed by the computer system 195. The digitalresource rules 170 may include additional rules and types of rules, assuggested by the vertical dot-dot-dots.

In embodiments, a certain one of the digital main rules may beidentified from among the accessed stored rules by the computer system195. In particular, values of the dataset 135C can be tested, accordingto arrows 171, against logical conditions of the digital main rules, asdescribed later in this document. In an example embodiment, one or morealignment digital rules, including alignment digital rule 150 may bestored that indicate requirements for the domain resource 179 to meet analignment condition of a particular domain (e.g., domain B 142 in thepresent example). For example, such requirements may be based on one ormore attributes of the relationship instances 197B and 197C and/or thedomain resource 179. Thus, values of the domain resource 179 can also betested against logical conditions of the alignment digital rule 150.Also, alignment digital rule 150 may be identified from other storedalignment digital rules based on the identified domain (domain B 142 inthe present example) and/or one or more attributes of the identifieddomain. In this example, the certain main rule M_RULE5 175 isidentified, which is indicated also by the beginning of an arrow 178Cthat is described in more detail later in this document. Identifying maybe performed in a number of ways depending on how the digital main rulesare implemented. An example is now described.

Referring now to FIG. 3, some of the digital main rules of digital rules170 are repeated from FIG. 1 in more detail. In addition, according toan arrow 370, these digital main rules are shown juxtaposed with aflowchart portion 300. In embodiments, some of the digital main rulescan be expressed in the form of a logical “if-then” statement, such as:“if P then Q”. In such statements, the “if” part, represented by the“P”, is called the condition, and the “then” part, represented by the“Q”, is called the consequent. Therefore, at least some of the digitalmain rules include respective conditions and respective consequentsassociated with the respective conditions, respectively. And, for acertain digital main rule, if its certain condition P is met, then itscertain consequent Q is what happens or becomes applied. Of course, oneor more of the digital rules 170 may have more than one conditions Pthat both must be met, and so on. And some of these digital rules 170may be searched for, and grouped, according first to one of theconditions, and then the other. In this example, the digital main rulesM_RULE5 175, M_RULE6 176, and M_RULE7 177 of FIG. 1, include respectiveconditions CN5 CN6, CN7, and respective consequents CT5 CT6, CT7associated with the respective conditions CN5 CN6, CN7, respectively.

In embodiments, therefore, identifying is performed by recognizing, bythe computer system 195, that a certain condition of a certain one ofthe accessed digital main rules is met by one or more of the values ofthe dataset. An example of the operations of recognizing that acondition is met and thus identifying an applicable rule is shown byflowchart portion 300 of FIG. 3. According to successive decisiondiamonds 385, 386, 387, it is determined whether or not conditions CN5,CN6, CN7 are met by at least one of the values of the dataset,respectively. If the answer is NO, then execution may proceed to thenext diamond. If the answer is YES then, according to operations 395,396, 397, it is further determined that the respective consequents CT5,CT6, CT7 are to be applied, and then execution may proceed to the nextdiamond in the flowchart portion. A consequent that is to be appliedcould be, for example, flagged as TRUE.

From what was mentioned in connection with FIG. 1, the certain M_RULE5175 was thus identified. With reference to FIG. 3, the identificationmay have happened at operation 385 of the flowchart portion 300, atwhich time it was recognized that condition CN5 was met by a value ofthe dataset 135C. This made: the condition CN5 be the certain condition,the digital main rule M_RULE5 175 be the certain digital main rule, andthe consequent CT5 be the certain consequent of the certain digital mainrule M_RULE5 175. Thus, the certain consequent CT5 is associated withthe certain condition CN5, since both are included by the certaindigital main rule M_RULE5 175. Therefore, according to operation 395,consequent CT5 is what happens or becomes applied, as described below.

A number of examples are possible for how to recognize that a certaincondition of a certain digital rule is met by at least one of the valuesof the dataset. For instance, the certain condition could define aboundary of a region that is within a space. The region could begeometric, and even be within a larger space and may include politicalboundaries. For example, the region could be geographic, within thespace of a city, a county, a state, a country, a continent or the earth.The boundary of the region could be defined in terms of numbersaccording to a coordinate system within the space. In the example ofgeography, the boundary could be defined in terms of groups of longitudeand latitude coordinates. In such embodiments, the certain conditioncould be met responsive to the characterized attribute of the datasetbeing in the space and within the boundary of the region instead ofoutside the boundary. For instance, the attribute could be a location ofthe entity, and the one or more values of the dataset 135C thatcharacterize the location could be one or more numbers or an address, orlongitude and latitude. The condition can be met depending on how theone or more values compare with the boundary. For example, thecomparison may reveal that the location is in the region instead ofoutside the region. The comparison can be made by rendering thecharacterized attribute in units comparable to those of the boundary.For example, the characterized attribute could be an address that isrendered into longitude and latitude coordinates, and so on.

In an example embodiment, the certain condition could define a thresholdthat needs to be crossed for an activity to be started or stopped. Insuch embodiments, the certain condition could be met responsive to avalue based on one or more of the characterized attributes of one ormore datasets, either individually or in aggregate, crossing thethreshold.

The above embodiments are only examples, and not limiting. For instance,the example of FIG. 3 suggests that there is a one-to-one correspondenceof the conditions with the associated consequents, but that is notnecessary. In fact, a single consequent may be associated with two ormore conditions, and two or more consequents may be associated with asingle condition. Of course, all such can be shown as additional rules,with groups of them having the same condition or consequent.

For another instance, once it is determined that a consequent is to beapplied, execution may even exit the flowchart portion 300. Or, asshown, it may be determined that more than one of the digital main rulesis to be applied. In particular, operation 385 may give the answer YESsuch that consequent CT5 is to be applied, and operation 386 may alsogive the answer YES such that consequent CT6 is to be applied.

Where more than one of the digital main rules are found that could beapplied, there are additional possibilities. For instance, the computersystem 195 of FIG. 1 may further access at least one stored digitalprecedence rule, such as P_RULE2 172 or P_RULE3 173. Accordingly, thecertain digital main rule may be thus identified also from the digitalprecedence rule. In particular, the digital precedence rule may decidewhich one or more of the digital main rules is to be applied. Tocontinue the previous example, if a value of the dataset 135C thatcharacterizes a location, and the location is within multipleoverlapping regions according to multiple rules, the digital precedencerule may decide that all of them are to be applied, or less than all ofthem are to be applied. Equivalent embodiments are also possible, wheredigital precedence rules are applied first to limit the iterative searchof the flowchart portion 300, so as to test the applicability of fewerthan all the rules according to arrows 171.

In embodiments, a resource may be produced for the dataset 135C, and/orother activities may be performed, by the computer system 195 applyingthe certain consequent of the certain digital main rule. The resourcecan be a computational result, a document, an item of value, arepresentation of an item of value, etc., made, created or prepared forthe user 192, the primary entity 193 and/or the secondary entity 196,etc., on the basis of the attribute. As such, in some embodiments, theresource is produced by a determination and/or a computation. In theexample of FIG. 1, a resource 179C is produced for the dataset 135C, bythe computer system 195 applying the certain M_RULE5 175, and inparticular its certain consequent CT5, as indicated by the arrow 178. Infact, sometimes applying the consequent is more simply stated as“applying the rule”.

The resources 179B, 179C, . . . may be produced in a number of ways. Forexample, for resource 179C, the certain consequent can be applied to oneof the values of the dataset 135C. For instance, one of the values ofthe dataset 135C can be a numerical base value, e.g. B2, that encodes anaspect of the dataset 135C, as mentioned above. In such cases, applyingthe certain consequent may include performing a mathematical operationon the base value B2. For example, applying the certain consequent mayinclude multiplying the base value B2 with a number indicated by thecertain consequent. Such a number can be, for example, a percentage,e.g., 1.5%, 3%, 5%, and so on. Such a number can be indicated directlyby the certain rule, or be stored in a place indicated by the certainrule, and so on.

As mentioned above, in some embodiments two or more digital main rulesmay be applied. For instance, referring again to FIG. 1, the computersystem 195 may recognize that an additional condition of an additionalone of the accessed digital main rules 170 is met by at least one of thevalues of the dataset 135C, either alone or in combination with othervalues of other datasets. In this example there would be no digitalprecedence rules, or the available digital precedence rules would notpreclude both the certain digital main rule and the additional digitalmain rule from being applied concurrently. Such an additional digitalmain rule would have an additional consequent.

In such embodiments, the resource 179C may be produced by the computersystem applying the certain consequent and the additional consequent.For instance, where the base value B1 is used, applying the certainconsequent may include multiplying the base value B1 with a first numberindicated by the certain consequent, so as to compute a first product.In addition, applying the additional consequent may include multiplyingthe base value B1 with a second number indicated by the additionalconsequent, so as to compute a second product. And, the resource may beproduced by summing the first product and the second product.

In embodiments, a notification can be caused to be transmitted, e.g.,via the network 188, by the computer system. The notification can beabout an aspect of the resource, that a condition is met or no longermet, a warning that a condition is or about to be met or no longer bemet, that an activity has been or is about to be automatically startedor stopped based on a condition being met or no longer being met, and/orinclude an option to enable or select a setting regarding a serviceprovided by the OSP 198. In the example of FIG. 1, a proposalnotification 136 can be caused to be transmitted by the computer system195, for example, indicating how the enabled specific proposalcomponents 154 may be viewed by a user of a computer 144 of the agency182. The proposal notification 136 may further request an affirmationinput 158 from a computer of the agency 182. For example, the agency maybe requested via a UI to affirm by clicking or checking individual boxesin the UI associated with the proposal notification 136.

In the present example, the service engine 183 computes resources(resource 179C and resource179B in the present example) for each of therespective datasets (dataset 135C and dataset 135B of the identifieddomain (Domain B 142 in the present example). The service engine 183then computes a domain resource 179 based on those resources. Forexample, the domain resource 179 may be a sum of the base values ofdataset 135C and dataset 135B and/or indicate the total number ofdatasets associated with the identified domain (domain B 142 in thepresent example). The service engine 183 then identifies and applies thealignment digital rule 150 to the relationship instance data comprisingdataset 135C and dataset 135B and/or to the domain resource 179 todetermine whether or not an alignment condition of domain B 142 is met.If the alignment condition is not met, then the service engine 183 mayassemble a set 153 of proposal components from previously storedproposal components. The service engine 183 may act to enable specificones (subset 154) of the set 153 of assembled proposal components (e.g.,specific proposal components PC3 163, PC4 164, PC5 165 and PC6 166) tobe viewable (per arrow 156) by the agency 182 of domain B 142. However,proposal components PC1 161 and PC2 162 are not selected to be viewableby the agency 182 of domain B 142 at least temporarily, because they areintended to remain obscured, hidden, and not revealed to the third partyuntil the proposal is accepted. These proposal components PC1 161 andPC2 162 may be the name and signature of the primary entity.

In the present example, the service engine 183 then transmits a proposalnotification 136 to the computer 144 of an agency 182 of the domain B142. The proposal notification 136 may indicate how the enabled specificproposal components 154 may be viewed by a user of a computer 144 of theagency 182 and further requests an affirmation input 158 from a computer144 of the agency 182. The proposal notification 136 can be about anaspect of a proposal including the specific proposal components 154. Inparticular, the proposal notification 136 may inform about the aspect ofthe specific proposal components 154, namely that they have beendetermined, where they can be found, what they are, and so on. Theproposal notification 136 notification may be formatted and transmittedin a manner such that the recipient of the proposal notification 136understands what it is being provided.

The service engine 183 may then receive the affirmation input 158 via anelectronic communication 157 from a computer system 144 of the agency182 in response to the proposal notification 136. The service engine 183may then effectuate one or more follow-up notifications 160 to theprimary entity 193 and the agency 182 via an electronic communication159. An affirmation input may not always be received. Sometimes, insteadof the affirmation input 158, a negation input may be received, asdescribed further below.

The proposal notification 136, which is also know more simply asnotification 136, can be transmitted to one of an output device andanother device. The output device may be the screen of a local user or aremote user. The notification 136 may thus cause a desired image,message, or other such notification to appear on the screen, such aswithin a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and so on. The other device canbe the remote device, from which the dataset 135C was received, as inthe example of FIG. 1. In particular, the computer system 195 may causethe notification 136 to be communicated by being encoded as a payload137, which is carried by a response 187. The response 187 may betransmitted via the network 188 responsive to the received request 184.The response 187 may be transmitted to the computer system 190, or toOPF 189, and so on. As such, the other device can be the computer system144, computer system 190, or the OPF 189, or the screen 191 of the user192, and so on. In this example, the single payload 137 encodes theentire notification 136, but that is not required. Similarly with whatis written above about encoding datasets in payloads, the notification136 instead may be provided via two or more payloads, or in other casesthe notification 136 and at least one other notification may be includedin the same single payload.

In an example embodiment, there may be a plurality of relationshipinstances between the primary entity 193 and one or more secondaryentities, such as secondary entity 196C. In some embodiments, suchrelationship instances are between the primary entity 193 and one ormore secondary entities, such as secondary entity 196C, via one or moreintermediary entities (not shown). Each relationship instance may beassociated with one or more respective domains of a plurality ofdomains. In various embodiments, a domain may be a region defined by aboundary as discussed above or may be an entity representing orotherwise associated with the region. For example, the region could begeographic, within the space of a city, a county, a state, a country, acontinent or the earth.

For example, in one embodiment, primary entity 193 may have arelationship instance 197C with secondary entity 196C and thatparticular relationship instance 197C may be associated with one or moredomains (e.g., domain B 142). The association of the relationshipinstance 197C with the one or more domains may be based on a variety ofcharacteristics including, but not limited to: a relationship of one ormore of the primary entity and secondary entity with the particulardomain; a location of one or more of the primary entity and secondaryentity within or associated with the particular domain; a region orlocation associated with one or more of the primary entity and secondaryentity being within or associated with the particular domain; a previousrelationship of one or more of the primary entity and secondary entitywith the particular domain; a location of items associated with one ormore of the primary entity and secondary entity within the particulardomain; a number of relationships of one or more of the primary entityand secondary entity with the particular domain; a transfer of itemsassociated with one or more of the primary entity and secondary entityto or from an entity within or associated with the particular domain; atransfer of data associated with one or more of the primary entity andsecondary entity to or from an entity within or associated theparticular domain, etc. The existence or identification of therelationship instance 197C and/or one or more characteristics of therelationship instance 197C may be defined or represented by values ofdataset 135C.

In some embodiments, for each relationship instance of the plurality ofrelationship instances represented by dataset 135C, the OSP 198electronically identifies a rate to calculate an amount of resource dueto one or more respective domains associated with the relationshipinstance based on particular attributes of the dataset 135C and the oneor more respective domains. For example, the primary entity 193 may sendrequest 184 to the computer system 195 of OSP 198 for services thatinclude producing resources based on the dataset 135C. The request 184may include the existence or identification of the relationship instance197C and/or one or more characteristics of the relationship instance197C as part of payload 134. The service engine 183 may then applydigital rules 170 to the relationship instance 197 and/or one or morecharacteristics of the relationship instance 197C to identify orotherwise determine the rate to calculate an amount of resource due toone or more respective domains associated with the relationshipinstance. In the present example, the service engine 183 has calculatedresource 179 due to domain B 142.

For example, digital precedence rule P_RULE2 172 may decide that ruleM_RULE5 175 is to be applied when a particular condition is met. Digitalprecedence rule P_RULE2 172 may include a condition that indicates if aparticular relationship instance is associated with a particular domainand/or a particular threshold has been crossed due to or otherwiseregarding one or more attributes of the relationship instance, eitheralone or in combination with attributes of other relationship instances,then rule M_RULE5 175 is to be applied. The service engine 183 maydetermine that the condition is met due to one or more values of dataset135C indicating the particular relationship instance and that theparticular relationship instance is associated with the particulardomain and/or a particular threshold has been crossed due to orotherwise regarding one or more attributes of the relationship instance,either alone or in combination with attributes of other relationshipinstances. Thus, as a consequent of precedence rule P_RULE2 172, theservice engine 183 applies rule M_RULE5 175. Rule M_RULE5 175 mayinclude a condition CN5 that indicates if a relationship instance isassociated with that particular domain, then, as consequent CT5, aparticular rate is to be used to calculate an amount of resource due tothat particular domain.

Referring again to FIG. 3, at decision diamond 385 it may be determinedthat the condition CN5 is met (i.e., that a particular attribute of thedataset is associated with a particular domain) and thus, the particularrate is used to calculate an amount of resource due to that particulardomain. Thus, by applying digital rules 170, the service engine 183identifies the rate to calculate an amount of resource due to one ormore respective domains associated with the relationship instance basedon one or more attributes of the dataset 135C, and also calculates anamount of resources due to at least one respective domain associatedwith the relationship instance based on the identified rate. In someembodiments, this calculated amount of resources due may be included bythe service engine 183 as part of the resulting produced resource 179Cand/or proposal notification 136. The service engine 183 may then form apayload 137 that is an aspect of the resource 179C, and then push, send,or otherwise cause to be transmitted a response 187 that carries thepayload 137 to a device remote to the service engine 183, such ascomputer system 190, computer system 144, a device of secondary entity196C or another secondary entity. Resource digital rules 170 may includemultiple different digital rules for each type of relationship instanceand different domains. In various embodiments, the proposal notification136 may comprise the response 187, or the response 187 may be includedin the notification 136.

In various embodiments, the processes of determining which digital rules170 apply to the dataset 135C and how to apply them as described withreference to FIG. 3 may also be used by the OSP 198 to determine which,if any, of alignment digital rules (e.g., alignment digital rule150)apply to the dataset 135C, produced resources, such as resource 179C,and domain resource 179, and how to apply them.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method 200 fortransmitting a proposal notification to a computer of an agency of adomain, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

Although, in the present example, the operations and methods describedand shown in various flowcharts and diagrams are described as beingperformed by the OSP 198, in various embodiments, one or more of theoperations and methods described with reference to the methods describedand shown in various flowcharts and diagrams, or otherwise describedherein, may be performed by the primary entity computer system 190 ofprimary entity 193 and/or the computer system 144 of agency 182.

At 202 the OSP 198 receives relationship instance data of a primaryentity relating to previous relationship instances of the primary entitywith secondary entities.

At 204 the OSP 198 identifies a domain of at least one of the secondaryentities from the received data.

At 206 the OSP 198 accesses previously stored resource digital rules forthe domain.

At 208, the OSP 198, produces by the computer system applying theresource digital rules to the relationship instance data of one or moreof the secondary entities of the domain, a domain resource regarding thedomain.

At 210, the OSP 198 accesses a previously stored alignment digital rulefor the domain.

At 212, the OSP 198 determines by a computer system applying thealignment digital rule to at least one of the relationship instance dataand the domain resource, whether or not an alignment condition of thedomain is met. In some embodiments, the relationship instance dataincludes datasets for the domain, include respective base values, andthe alignment condition is not met if any of: the datasets are more thana threshold number and a sum of the respective base values exceeds athreshold number. In some embodiments, the relationship instance dataincludes at least one date of at least one of the relationship instancesand a due date is determinable form the alignment digital rule and theincluded date. In such instances, the alignment condition is not met ifa report has not been filed with an agency of the domain on behalf ofthe primary entity by the due date about an aspect of the relationshipinstances. Also, in such instances, the alignment condition may not bemet if the datasets are more than a threshold number and/or a sum of therespective base values of the datasets exceeds a threshold number.

At 214, the OSP 198 may assemble at least some of previously storedproposal components. The assembled proposal components may be part of aproposed set and the proposed set may be for a proposal regarding theprimary entity meeting the alignment condition at least in part. The OSP198 may derive a relevant number from the relationship instance data orthe domain resource and the proposed set may include the relevantnumber. At least one of the proposal components of the proposed set maybe assembled by looking up a look-up table listing proposal componentsfor domains that include the domain. In some embodiments, the proposedset includes the identity of the primary entity. Also, in someembodiments, the OSP 198 may access a previously stored correctiondigital rule for the domain. In such instances, a certain proposalcomponent may thus be assembled by applying the correction digital rule.

At 216, the OSP 198 acts to enable specific ones of the assembledproposal components to be viewable by a third party, the specificproposal components not including an identity of the primary entity. Thespecific proposal components may further include a promise that theidentity of the primary entity will be revealed responsive to theaffirmation input being received.

At 218, the OSP 198 causes a proposal notification to be transmitted toa computer of an agency of the domain. The proposal notification mayindicate how the enabled specific proposal components may be viewed by auser of a computer of the agency, and may request an affirmation inputfrom a computer of the agency. The acting to enable may includepreparing a proposal webpage with the specific proposal components, andthe proposal notification then provides a link to the proposal webpage.The acting to enable may include preparing a proposal webpage with thespecific proposal components and an indication of a non-shown portion ofan identity of the primary entity, and the proposal notification thenprovides a link to the proposal webpage. The acting to enable mayinclude preparing a proposal document with the specific proposalcomponents, and the proposal notification then provides a link thatleads to opening the proposal document. The acting to enable may includepreparing a proposal document with the specific proposal components andan indication of a non-shown portion of an identity of the primaryentity, and the proposal notification then provides a link that leads toopening the proposal document. The acting to enable may includepreparing a proposal document with the specific proposal components, andthe proposal notification then includes an email that has the proposaldocument as an attachment. The proposal notification may include apromise that the identity of the primary entity will be revealedresponsive to the affirmation input being received.

In some embodiments, the OSP 198 may cause a permission query to bepresented in a User Interface (UI) of a computer of the primary entitythat is viewable by a user of the primary entity. The OSP 198 mayreceive a permission input from the computer of the primary entity inresponse to the permission query. At least one of the assembling, actingto enable and causing the proposal notification to be transmitted may beperformed responsive to receiving the permission input.

In some embodiments, the OSP 198 may receive in response to thetransmitted proposal notification, a negation input instead of anaffirmation input. The negation input may indicate that the proposal isnot being accepted. In such cases, the OSP 198 may then transmit inresponse to the received negation input, a negation notification to acomputer of the primary entity. As such, the primary entity may takeother measures. In some embodiments, along with the negation input, acounterproposal indication is included. For instance, as seen with briefreference to FIG. 12B, in sample UI 1200B the third line of text canopen an online form for the agency 182 to list a reason, or create acounterproposal indication of what would be acceptable. In suchembodiments, the counterproposal indication can be transmitted togetherwith the negation notification. Care should be exercised, however, sothat the OSP 198 does not lead the primary entity 193 into thinking thata counterproposal is fair or desirable; rather, along with thecounterproposal indication, the OSP 198 may indicate to the user 192 ofthe primary entity 193 to seek professional advice, and to forward tothem the counterproposal indication.

In the example of FIG. 2, at 220, the OSP 198 then receives anaffirmation input from a computer of the agency in response to thetransmitted proposal notification. The proposal notification may enablea representative of the domain to provide an electronic signature, and,in such instances, the affirmation input includes the providedelectronic signature. Also, the acting to enable may include preparing aproposal document that includes the specific proposal components, theproposal notification may enable a representative of the domain to affixan electronic signature to the proposal document, and, in suchinstances, the affirmation input then includes the proposal documentwith the affixed electronic signature by the representative.

In some embodiments, the affirmation input includes an electronicsignature by a representative of the domain. In some embodiments, theOSP 198 may consult a registry of approved domain representatives andverify that the electronic signature is from one of the approved domainrepresentatives. In such instances, the effectuating is performedautomatically responsive to such verification.

At 222, the OSP 198 may then effectuate one or more follow-upnotifications. In some embodiments, the OSP 198, causes at least one ofthe assembled proposal components to be presented in a User Interface(UI) of a computer of a user of the primary entity. Also, in someembodiments, the OSP 198 receives an electronic signature from the userof the primary entity as one more of the assembled proposal components.In such instances, the specific ones of the assembled proposalcomponents that are enabled to be viewable by a third party do notinclude the received electronic signature from the user of the primaryentity. The assembled proposal components are assembled in a proposaldocument. The OSP 198 may receive an electronic signature to theproposal document from the user. The OSP 198 may verify the receivedaffirmation input against a validity criterion. In such instances, theeffectuating may be performed automatically responsive to the verifying.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more follow-upnotifications is about the received affirmation input and is sent to acomputer of the primary entity or is about the identity of the primaryentity and is sent to a computer of the agency. At least one of the oneor more follow-up notifications may be sent concurrently to both acomputer of the primary entity and to a computer of the agency. The OSP198 may prepare a final document that lists the assembled proposalcomponents, the identity of the primary entity, an electronic signatureby a user of a computer of the primary entity, an identity of the domainand an electronic signature by a representative of the domain. The OSP198 then makes the final document available to a user of a computer ofthe primary entity and to a user of a computer of the agency.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example of memory contents ofmemory 130 of the computer system 195 of OSP 198.

For example, the memory may be organized cached on logical and/orphysical storage of data according to particular domains. As shown, fora sample domain A there has been an allocation 401 of storage forresource digital rules for domain A, proposal components (PC) 453(including PC3 463, PC4 464, PC5 465 and PC6 466) for domain A,alignment digital rule(s) 450 for (including A_rule1 451, A_rule2 452 .. . ) domain A and correction digital rule(s) 440 (including C_rule1441, C_rule2 442 . . . ) for domain A. Further data may be similarlystored in allocation 402 for another domain B, and further data may besimilarly stored in additional allocations for additional domains. Also,the alignment digital rules may be updated for conditions of theapplicable domain, as they are being learned and/or as the domainupdates them.

FIG. 4B is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method 400 forassembling, acting to enable and causing the proposal notification to betransmitted responsive to receiving permission input, useful in themethod 200 of FIG. 2, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

At 408, the OSP 198 causes a permission query to be presented in a UserInterface (UI) of a computer of the primary entity that is viewable by auser of the primary entity.

At 410, the OSP 198 receives a permission input from the computer of theprimary entity in response to the permission query.

At 412, the OSP 198 performs at least one of the assembling, acting toenable and transmitting the proposal notification responsive toreceiving the permission input.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a plurality of extracted datasetsassociated with a plurality of domains, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, each dataset represents and includesdata corresponding to a relationship instance of the primary entity,such as primary entity 193 in FIG. 1, and a secondary entity, such assecondary entity 196C in FIG. 1. Shown in extracted datasets 509 areindividual values for parameter value ID, which is an identifier of thedataset. Also shown is a time value for the dataset, for an applicabletime duration. These time values here can be for one of three samplesuccessive time durations, such as DA or DB, or DC. Also shown is aparameter that has a value of one of D1, D2, D3, D4, which may indicatedifferent domains; and a parameter value BX, which is, in the presentexample, is a numerical base value for an aspect of the dataset. Eachdataset may have additional parameters, indicated by the dot-dot-dot. Inthe present example, the extracted datasets 509 are not necessarilysorted.

FIG. 6 illustrates the example datasets from FIG. 5 that have beensorted, grouped or otherwise filtered according to various embodimentsof the disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

In some embodiments, the sorting, grouping or otherwise filtering of thedatasets of the primary entity data in a particular manner enable orotherwise facilitate the primary entity data to be processed by the OSP198, in order to apply one or more digital rules to the copied data togenerate, for a domain resource amount 179, a determination regardingwhether a threshold has been crossed for purposes of determining whetherthe domain resource amount 179 is due to a particular domain, forinstance by a determination whether or not an alignment condition of thedomain is not met according to an alignment digital rule 150.

In the present example, the copied primary entity data is filtered(e.g., by the OSP 198) such that the datasets are grouped or categorizedalong a time axis 608 and a domain axis 607. The datasets 509 are shownfiltered in such a manner within a matrix in which the horizontal axis608 of the matrix represents time in terms of the duration of therelationship instance represented by the dataset and the vertical axis607 of the matrix represents the domain associated with the relationshipinstance represented by the dataset. This filtering defines a matrix ofcells by domain and time duration, and datasets are categorized withinthe cells. Thus, each cell of the matrix contains the datasets forrelationship instances that occurred in a particular time duration, suchas a year, and that are associated with a particular domain.

In some embodiments, the matrix shown in FIG. 6 represents a datastructure of the primary entity data as generated, filtered and/orstored by the OSP 198, or may represent logical relationships betweenthe datasets as a result of the filtering. In some embodiments, suchfiltering may be performed by engine 183 of the OSP 198.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of application of sample alignment digitalrules to datasets according to various embodiments of the disclosure,which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.

The filtering of the datasets of the primary entity data into cells, asdescribed with respect to FIG. 6, in which each cell contains thedatasets for relationship instances that occurred in a particularduration of time and that are associated with a particular domain,facilitates the primary entity data to be processed by the OSP 198 inorder to apply one or more resource digital rules or alignment digitalrules (e.g. based on whether a threshold has been met for a particulardomain in a particular time duration).

In the present embodiment, the computer system of the OSP 198 appliessuch alignment digital rules to each cell of the matrix of FIG. 7 aseach cell contains datasets for a particular duration and particulardomain. In this diagram, the datasets of a single cell are shown ashaving—or being—in the same duration DN, and also being in the samedomain DM. In various embodiments, different alignment digital rules maybe applied to different cells associated with different domains, as eachdomain may have different requirements on which the alignment digitalrules are based. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, for each cell in thematrix of FIG. 6, the OSP 198 calculates the sum of the respective basevalues (represented by parameter value BX in each dataset) of all thedatasets in the cell, which represents the sum of the respective basevalues for the primary entity in the particular time duration and domainassociated with that cell. The OSP 198 may then determine whether thissum exceeds a threshold (TH1), represented by inequality 701. For eachcell in the matrix of FIG. 6, the OSP 198 may also calculate the totalnumber of datasets (N) in the cell, which represents the total number ofrelationship instances of the client entity in the domain and durationassociated with that cell. The OSP 198 may then determine whether thetotal number of datasets (N) in the cell exceeds a threshold (TH2),represented by inequality 702. According to the alignment digital rulein the present example, if the sum of the relationship instance amountsfor a particular cell exceeds a threshold TH1 and/or the total number ofdatasets in the cell exceeds threshold TH2 (i.e., if inequality 701 andinequality 702 exist for that particular cell), then the alignmentcondition is not met. In some embodiments, the acting to enable and thecausing the proposal notification to be transmitted is performedresponsive to determining that the alignment condition is not met.

FIG. 8 illustrates a timeline 809 showing how relationship instances maybe handled that fall within a same time duration, for which a due dateis defined according to various embodiments of the disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems. Shown is a horizontaltime axis 808 denoting time. Sample time duration A is denoted on thetime axis 808. A plurality of relationship instances that have occurredbetween the primary entity and a secondary entity are plotted asrelationship instance data 897 the time axis 808 according to the datethat they occurred on. In this example, all relationship instance data897 occurred within the time duration A. In some embodiments, therelationship instance data 897 includes at least one date of at leastone of the relationship instances. In some embodiments, a due date 810is determinable by the included date, and the alignment condition of thealignment digital rule 851 is not met if a report about an aspect of therelationship instances has not been filed with an agency of the domainon behalf of the primary entity by the due date 810. In someembodiments, a grace period 820 of the domain to a particular end date840 is determined from the previously stored correction digital rule(e.g., by the agency 182). A correction eligibility condition is met ifthe grace period 820 has not elapsed since the due date as defined by acorrection digital rule 841.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method 900 forperforming at least one of the assembling, the acting to enable and thetransmitting of the proposal notification that is useful in the methodof FIG. 2, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems.

At 902, the OSP 198 accesses the previously stored alignment digitalrule for the domain.

At 904, the OSP 198 determines whether the alignment condition is met byapplying the alignment digital rule to at least one of the relationshipinstance data and the domain resource. If the OSP 198 determines thatthe alignment condition is not met, then the method proceeds to 904. Ifthe OSP 198 determines that the alignment condition is met, then themethod proceeds to 906.

At 906, the OSP 198 performs at least one of the assembling, the actingto enable and the causing of the proposal notification to betransmitted.

At 908, the OSP 198 does not perform any of the assembling, the actingto enable and the causing of the proposal notification to betransmitted.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a sample method 1000 forperforming the assembling responsive to a correction eligibilitycondition being met that is useful in the method of FIG. 2, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

At 1002, the OSP 198 accesses the previously stored correctioneligibility digital rule for the domain.

At 1004, the OSP 198 determines whether the correction eligibilitycondition is met by applying the correction eligibility digital rule toat least one of the relationship instance data and the domain resource.If the OSP 198 determines that the correction eligibility condition isnot met, then the method proceeds to 1006. If the OSP 198 determinesthat the correction eligibility condition is met, then the methodproceeds to 1008. In some embodiments, the relationship instance dataincludes at least one date associated with at least one of therelationship instances. A due date is then determined by the includeddate, a grace period of the domain is input, and the correctioneligibility condition is met if the grace period has not elapsed sincethe due date. Also, some embodiments the relationship instance dataincludes datasets for the domain, the datasets include respective basevalues, and the correction eligibility condition is met if a sum of therespective base values is less than a threshold number.

At 1006, the OSP 198 does not perform the assembling of operation 214.

At 1008, the OSP 198 performs the assembling of operation 214. Theassembled proposal components may be part of a proposed set, and theproposed set may be for a proposal regarding the primary entity meetingthe alignment condition at least in part. Also, in some embodiments, theOSP 198 stores an updated correction digital rule and determines again,by applying the updated correction digital rule to the relationshipinstance data responsive to the storing, whether or not the correctioneligibility condition is met. The assembling is thus performedresponsive to the correction eligibility condition being met.

FIG. 11A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1100A in which anotification is presented to a primary entity regarding a determinedlack of alignment with a domain's alignment rules and options forproceeding, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which isan improvement in automated computerized systems. Shown is UI 1100Apresented on a screen 1191 of a device. For example, the screen 1191 maybe screen 191 of the computer system 190 or other device of the primaryentity 193 or user 192 of FIG. 1. UI 1100A may comprise a portion of aUI of the OSP 198 presented to the primary entity 193 or user 192. Invarious embodiments, the UI 1100A may present an indication that it hasbeen determined by the OSP 198 that there is lack of alignment of theresources produced with respective relationship instances with aparticular domain. The UI 1100A may further provide options forproceeding, such as a selectable option for the OSP 198 to proceed forthe primary entity to approach the agency of the particular domainanonymously with a proposal to correct the lack of alignment or aselectable option for the primary entity 193 to correct the lack ofalignment on their own, or not at all.

FIG. 11B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1100B in which aproposal to be sent to an agency of a domain is presented to the primaryentity for signature, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.UI 1100B may be presented as a follow-up to UI 1100A, if the “Clickhere” of the line before last is clicked. Shown is UI 1100B presented ona screen 1191 of a device. For example, the screen 1191 may be screen191 of the computer system 190 or other device of the primary entity 193or user 192 of FIG. 1. UI 1100B may comprise a portion of a UI of theOSP 198 presented to the primary entity 193 or user 192.

UI 1100B is divided into two sides. The left side shows informationregarding the proposal; in this example the information is arranged asan agreement with proposal components. One proposal component is aprimary identity 1161 as a party to the agreement. Other sample proposalcomponents 1163, 1164 can be clauses to the agreement, and a proposalcomponent 1162 can be a signature area for the primary entity, where theprimary entity is to actually sign.

The right side of UI 1100B is intended to comfort the signer that theiridentity will not be revealed. In particular, the right side also showsthe proposal that will be shown to the agency 182, except that proposalcomponents 1161, 1162 are obscured by added respective blots 1181, 1191.As such, UI 1100B promises that these portions will be blocked out, viathe blots 1181, 1191, from the agency 182 (primary identity 1161 andprimary entity signature area 1162) until the agency 182 signs thedocument.

FIG. 11C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1100C in which anotification is presented to a primary entity indicating a proposal hasbeen sent to an agency (e.g., agency 182) of a domain, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 1100C presented on a screen1191 of a device. For example, the screen 1191 may be screen 191 of thecomputer system 190 or other device of the primary entity 193 or user192 of FIG. 1. UI 1100C may comprise a portion of a UI of the OSP 198presented to the primary entity 193 or user 192. UI 1100C may appearafter the user has submitted the proposal shown in FIG. 11B via the UI1100A and UI 1100B. UI 1100C indicates the proposal has been sent to anagency of a domain and provides a user a selectable option to return tothe previous UI or main menu.

FIG. 12A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1200A in which anotification is presented to an agency of a domain indicating a proposalfrom a primary entity is available to view, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems. Shown is UI 1200A presented on a screen 1291 of adevice. For example, the screen 1291 may be a screen of the computersystem 144 or other device of the agency 182 of FIG. 1. For example, theUI 1200A may provide an option for the agency 182 to review the proposaland may be presented concurrently with, in conjunction with orresponsive to the UI 1100C being presented indicating the proposal hasbeen sent to the agency 182.

FIG. 12B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1200B in which aproposal is presented to an agency of a domain for signature, accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 1200B presented on a screen1291 of a device. For example, the screen 1291 may be screen of thecomputer system 144 or other device of the agency 182 of FIG. 1. Forexample, the UI 1200B may be presented responsive to the user selectingthe option of UI 1200A to view the proposal. Provided on the top side ofUI 1200B are options the user may select to sign the proposal, or tooptionally indicate why the agency 182 does not agree with the proposalif deciding not to sign. On the bottom side, the UI 1200B shows theproposed agreement shown on the right-hand side of UI 1100B, after ithas been signed, and with blots 1281, 1282 applied to obscure proposalcomponents 1161, 1162.

FIG. 13 is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 1300 in which a signedproposal is presented to a primary entity and an agency of a domain,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems. Shown is UI 1300presented on a screen 1391 of a device. For example, the screen 1391 maybe screen 191 of the computer system 190 or other device of the primaryentity 193 or user 192 of FIG. 1. Also, the screen 1391 may be screen ofthe computer system 144 or other device of the agency 182 of FIG. 1. UI1300 is presented to the primary entity 193 and agency 182 indicatingthe proposal has been signed by both the primary entity 193 and agency182, and thus presents the agency signature and identity 1369 andreveals to the agency 182 the primary entity name 1161 and the primaryentity signature and identity 1162 since the proposal has now beensigned by agency 182. UI 1300 also shows information regarding theproposal such as proposal component 1163 and proposal component 1164.Also provided on UI 1300 are options the user may select to download thesigned proposal.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplarycomputer system according to some exemplary embodiments, which may readinstructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium) and perform any one or more of the processes,methods, and/or functionality discussed herein, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems.

In the present example, FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustratingcomponents of a sample computer system 1490 and a sample computer system1495 according to some exemplary embodiments, which may readinstructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium) and perform any one or more of the processes,methods, and/or functionality discussed herein. The computer system 1495may be a server, while the computer system 1490 may be a personaldevice, such as a personal computer, a desktop computer, a personalcomputing device such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobilephone, and so on. Either type may be used for the computer system 195,144 and 190 of FIG. 1, a computer system that is part of secondaryentity 196C and/or a computer system that is part of any entity orsystem shown in any of the Figures of the present disclosure.

The computer system 1495 and the computer system 1490 have similarities,which FIG. 8 exploits for purposes of economy in this document. It willbe understood, however, that a component in the computer system 1495 maybe implemented differently than the same component in the computersystem 1490. For instance, a memory in a server may be larger than amemory in a personal computer, and so on. Similarly, custom applicationprograms 1474 that implement embodiments may be different, and so on.

The computer system 1495 includes one or more processors 1494. Theprocessor(s) 894 are one or more physical circuits that manipulatephysical quantities representing data values. The manipulation can beaccording to control signals, which can be known as commands, op codes,machine code, etc. The manipulation can produce corresponding outputsignals that are applied to operate a machine. As such, one or moreprocessors 894 may, for example, include a Central Processing Unit(CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a ComplexInstruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit(GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), anycombination of these, and so on. A processor may further be a multi-coreprocessor having two or more independent processors that executeinstructions. Such independent processors are sometimes called “cores”.

A hardware component such as a processor may also include programmablelogic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to performcertain operations. For example, a hardware component may includesoftware executed by a general-purpose processor or another type ofprogrammable processor. Once configured by such software, hardwarecomponents become specific machines, or specific components of amachine, uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and areno longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that thedecision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations.

As used herein, a “component” may refer to a device, physical entity orlogic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branchpoints, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), or other technologiesthat provide for the partitioning or modularization of particularprocessing or control functions. Components may be combined via theirinterfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. Acomponent may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for usewith other components and a part of a program that usually performs aparticular function of related functions. Components may constituteeither software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readablemedium) or hardware components. The hardware components depicted in thecomputer system 1495, or the computer system 890, are not intended to beexhaustive. Rather, they are representative, for highlighting essentialcomponents that can be used with embodiments.

The computer system 1495 also includes a system bus 1412 that is coupledto the processor(s) 1494. The system bus 1412 can be used by theprocessor(s) 1494 to control and/or communicate with other components ofthe computer system 1495.

The computer system 1495 additionally includes a network interface 1419that is coupled to system bus 1412. Network interface 1419 can be usedto access a communications network, such as the network 188. Networkinterface 1419 can be implemented by a hardware network interface, suchas a Network Interface Card (NIC), wireless communication components,cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC)components, 5G cellular wireless interfaces, transceivers, and antennas,Bluetooth® components such as Bluetooth® Low Energy, Wi-Fi® components,etc. Of course, such a hardware network interface may have its ownsoftware, and so on.

The computer system 1495 also includes various memory components. Thesememory components include memory components shown separately in thecomputer system 1495, plus cache memory within the processor(s) 1494.Accordingly, these memory components are examples of non-transitorymachine-readable media. The memory components shown separately in thecomputer system 1495 are variously coupled, directly or indirectly, withthe processor(s) 894. The coupling in this example is via the system bus1412.

Instructions for performing any of the methods or functions described inthis document may be stored, completely or partially, within the memorycomponents of the computer system 1495, etc. Therefore, one or more ofthese non-transitory computer-readable media can be configured to storeinstructions which, when executed by one or more processors 1494 of ahost computer system such as the computer system 895 or the computersystem 890, can cause the host computer system to perform operationsaccording to embodiments. The instructions may be implemented bycomputer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thisdocument. The computer program code may be written in any combination ofone or more programming languages, including an object-orientedprogramming language such as Java, Smalltalk or the like, and/orconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages such as C++, CSharp, etc.

The memory components of the computer system 1495 include a non-volatilehard drive 1433. The computer system 1495 further includes a hard driveinterface 1432 that is coupled to the hard drive 1433 and to the systembus 1412.

The memory components of the computer system 1495 include a systemmemory 1438. The system memory 1438 includes volatile memory including,but not limited to, cache memory, registers and buffers. In embodiments,data from the hard drive 433 populates registers of the volatile memoryof the system memory 1438.

In some embodiments, the system memory 1438 has a software architecturethat uses a stack of layers, with each layer providing a particularfunctionality. In this example the layers include, starting from thebottom, an Operating System (OS) 1450, libraries 1460,frameworks/middleware 1468 and application programs 1470, which are alsoknown as applications 1470. Other software architectures may includeless, more or different layers. For example, a presentation layer mayalso be included. For another example, some mobile or special purposeoperating systems may not provide a frameworks/middleware 1468.

The OS 1450 may manage hardware resources and provide common services.The libraries 1460 provide a common infrastructure that is used by theapplications 1470 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries1460 provide functionality that allows other software components toperform tasks more easily than if they interfaced directly with thespecific underlying functionality of the OS 1450. The libraries 1460 mayinclude system libraries 1461, such as a C standard library. The systemlibraries 1461 may provide functions such as memory allocationfunctions, string manipulation functions, mathematical functions, andthe like.

In addition, the libraries 1460 may include API libraries 1462 and otherlibraries 1463, such as for SDKs. The API libraries 1462 may includemedia libraries, such as libraries to support presentation andmanipulation of various media formats such as MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC,AMR, JPG, and PNG. The API libraries 1462 may also include graphicslibraries, for instance an OpenGL framework that may be used to render2D and 3D in a graphic content on the screen 1491. The API libraries1462 may further include database libraries, for instance SQLite, whichmay support various relational database functions. The API libraries1462 may additionally include web libraries, for instance WebKit, whichmay support web browsing functionality, and also libraries forapplications 1470.

The frameworks/middleware 1468 may provide a higher-level commoninfrastructure that may be used by the applications 1470 and/or othersoftware components/modules. For example, the frameworks/middleware 1468may provide various Graphic User Interface (GUI) functions, high-levelresource management, high-level location services, and so forth. Theframeworks/middleware 1468 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIsthat may be used by the applications 1470 and/or other softwarecomponents/modules, some of which may be specific to the OS 1450 or to aplatform.

The application programs 1470 are also known more simply as applicationsand apps. One such app is a browser 1471, which is software that canpermit the user 192 to access other devices in the internet, for examplewhile using a Graphic User Interface (GUI). The browser 1471 includesprogram modules and instructions that enable the computer system 1495 toexchange network messages with a network, for example using HypertextTransfer Protocol (HTTP) messaging.

The application programs 1470 may include one or more customapplications 1474, made according to embodiments. These can be made soas to cause their host computer to perform operations according toembodiments disclosed herein. Of course, when implemented by software,operations according to embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedmuch faster than may be implemented by a human mind; for example, tensor hundreds of such operations may be performed per second according toembodiments, which is much faster than a human mind can do.

Other such applications 1470 may include Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) application, accounting applications, financial applications,accounting applications, payment systems applications, database andoffice applications, contacts application, a word processingapplication, a location application, a media application, a messagingapplication, and so on. Applications 1470 may be developed for theWindows™ operating system, and/or by using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ SoftwareDevelopment Kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of theparticular platform, and may be mobile software running on a mobileoperating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobileoperating systems. The applications 1470 may use built-in functions ofthe OS 1450, of the libraries 460, and of the frameworks/middleware 1468to create user interfaces for the user 192 to interact with.

The computer system 1495 moreover includes a bus bridge 1420 coupled tothe system bus 1412. The computer system 1495 furthermore includes aninput/output (I/O) bus 1421 coupled to the bus bridge 1420. The computersystem 1495 also includes an I/O interface 1422 coupled to the I/O bus1421.

For being accessed, the computer system 1495 also includes one or moreUniversal Serial Bus (USB) ports 1429. These can be coupled to the I/Ointerface 1422. The computer system 1495 further includes a media tray1426, which may include storage devices such as CD-ROM drives,multi-media interfaces, and so on.

The computer system 1490 may include many components similar to those ofthe computer system 1495, as seen in FIG. 14. In addition, a number ofthe application programs may be more suitable for the computer system1490 than for the computer system 1495.

The computer system 1490 further includes peripheral input/output (I/O)devices for being accessed by a user 192 more routinely. As such, thecomputer system 1490 includes a screen 1491 and a video adapter 1428 todrive and/or support the screen 1491. The video adapter 1428 is coupledto the system bus 1412.

The computer system 1490 also includes a keyboard 1423, mouse 1424, anda printer 1425. In this example, the keyboard 1423, the mouse 1424, andthe printer 1425 are directly coupled to the I/O interface 1422.Sometimes this coupling is wireless or may be via the USB ports 1429.

In this context, “machine-readable medium” refers to a component, deviceor other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarilyor permanently and may include, but is not be limited to: a thumb drive,a hard disk, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffermemory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, anErasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an optical fiber, aportable digital versatile disc (DVD), an optical storage device, amagnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.The machine that would read such a medium includes one or moreprocessors 1494.

The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a singlemedium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database,or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions that amachine such as a processor can store, erase, or read. The term“machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, orcombination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions(e.g., code) for execution by a machine, such that the instructions,when executed by one or more processors of the machine, cause themachine to perform any one or more of the methods described herein.Accordingly, instructions transform a general or otherwise generic,non-programmed machine into a specialized particular machine programmedto carry out the described and illustrated functions in the mannerdescribed.

A computer readable signal traveling from, to, and via these componentsmay include a propagated data signal with computer readable program codeembodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave.Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including,but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitablecombination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be anycomputer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage mediumand that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use byor in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice.

OPERATIONAL EXAMPLES—USE CASES

The above-mentioned embodiments have one or more uses. Aspects presentedbelow may be implemented as was described above for similar aspects.(Some, but not all, of these aspects have even similar referencenumerals.) FIG. 15 is a diagram of sample aspects for describingoperational examples and use cases of embodiments, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

A thick line 1515 separates FIG. 15, although not completely orrigorously, into a top portion and a bottom portion. Above the line 1515the emphasis is mostly on entities, components, their relationships, andtheir interactions, while below the line 1515 emphasis is mostly onprocessing of data that takes place often within one or more of thecomponents above the line 1515.

Above the line 1515 an OSP 1598, a sample computer system 1595 of OSP1598; a network 188; a seller 1593; a seller computer system 1590 ofseller 1593; sample buyers 1596A, 1596B and 1596C, and their respectivetransactions 1597A, 1597B and 1597C with seller 1593; a tax jurisdictionA 141; a tax jurisdiction B 142; an agency 1582 of tax jurisdiction B1542; and an sample computer system 1544 of agency 1582, according toembodiments are shown. Agency 1582 of tax jurisdiction B 1542 is alsoknown as a tax authority of tax jurisdiction B 1542. The computer system1595 includes a tax engine 1583.

As a sample use case, tax statutes, tax rules, and tax rates changeoften, and new tax rules and tax types are continuously added. Operatorsof the OSP 1598 research the underlying statutes and tax rules andguidance issued by the tax authorities 1580, use them to generate orobtain digital tax rules 1570 that enable the OSP 1598 to compute taxobligations (also referred to as tax liabilities) for primary entitiessuch as seller 1593. The OSP 1598 may further make the researchavailable to all its primary entities. In addition, the OSP 1598 maykeep enhancing its coverage of transaction compliance scenarios byenhancing its content and by building logic to determine increasingnumbers of different types of compliance liabilities (e.g. tax types)required to be collected and paid to governing authorities, which arecollectively known as tax authorities 1580, and include individual taxauthorities 1581, 1521, 1582, and so on. Primary entities trust the OSP1598 for compliance and may expect the OSP 1598 to take an increasingamount of compliance burden away from their shoulders. However, withmore than 10,000 tax jurisdictions in USA alone, it is a mammoth task tostay on top of these changes. For example, different tax jurisdictions(e.g., tax jurisdiction A 1541 and tax jurisdiction B 1542) generallyhave different rules for when a seller is required to collect and remitsales tax. A tax authority such as a state or even a city may set itsown economic nexus rules for when a business is considered to be“engaged in business” with it, and therefore that business is subject toregistration and collection of sales taxes. These nexus rules are oftenbased on thresholds indicating a total number of sales transactionsand/or a total monetary value of all sales in a given time period. It isa technical challenge for a business, such as seller 1593, to constantlyascertain whether it meets these different nexus requirements indifferent tax jurisdictions in real time as transactions occur, giventhe ever-changing amount of sales in various different tax jurisdictionsfor the business in various time periods. Often, sellers are not awarethey are delinquent on their taxes in various tax jurisdictions andunknowingly owe back taxes and penalties.

Thus, to solve the above technical problems, embodiments includefunctionality that enables the OSP 1598 to operate as an automatedintermediary to offer ways (UI, emails, etc.) that enable thetax-delinquent seller 1593 to contact a tax authority (e.g., an agency1582 associated with tax jurisdiction B) anonymously via the OSP 1598,by clicking a few buttons to answer a few questions and then e-sign. TheOSP 1598 offers a UI that assists the seller 1593 by collecting totaltax liabilities from various systems of the OSP 1598 to identify theamount of tax liability outstanding for a given tax jurisdiction for aparticular period; contacts the tax authority on behalf of the seller1593 to request a voluntary disclosure agreement (VDA) from the taxauthority (e.g., tax authority 1581 via agency 1582) by sending a VDAproposal notification 1536, while maintaining the anonymity of theseller; enables the tax authority 1582 to view VDA proposed set 1553;receives acceptance via VDA affirmation input 1558 from an official ofthe tax authority (e.g. agency 1582); and then publicizes the VDA viathe VDA follow-up notification 1560 to both the seller 1593 and to theagency 1582, revealing the seller 1593 to the agency 1582. In someembodiments, VDAs are contractual agreements reached between a taxauthority and parties that are delinquent towards the tax authority.This agreement identifies the terms for curing the delinquency. Thisagreement will be valid when signed by both parties.

In one embodiment, the seller 1593 prepares a VDA proposal notification1536 for a tax jurisdiction (e.g., agency 1582) via automated processesof the OSP 1598, by selecting a VDA proposed set of proposal components1553, in which the seller admits their past tax liability, promises totimely file past due tax returns and pay back taxes, while the taxauthority would agree to not request penalties and/or not prosecutecriminally. The seller 1593 may e-sign the VDA proposal. Then the OSP1598 may send the VDA proposal notification 1536 to the tax jurisdiction(e.g., agency 1582). In various embodiments, the tax jurisdiction andits agency or tax authority that receives and signs the VDA proposal,and the computer system(s) thereof, may be considered as one entity andreferred to herein interchangeably. The receiving agency 1582 can acceptthe VDA by logging in to the OSP 1598, clicking, and even e-signing.When both the agency 1582 and the seller 1593 have e-signed the VDAproposal, a VDA has been formed, the agency 1582 learns the name of theseller 1593, and a copy of the VDA is made available to both parties viaVDA follow-up notification 1560. Then the taxpayer (seller) files thetax return, etc.

In a VDA, for example, the seller 1593 may promise to pay all priortaxes, interests and penalties, and be compliant in the future. Inexchange, the tax authority 1581 may promise to not criminally prosecutethe seller 1593. Sometimes, in a VDA, the anonymous seller 1583 isfurther required to warrant the circumstances of their delinquency (e.g.they got stung by a new requirement such as economic nexus for anout-of-state entity that was previously unknown to them), and/or theapproximate range of their liability in arrears (not too large). Suchclauses may all be indicated in the VDA sent of proposal components1553.

The OSP 1598 may intake new seller 1593 sales data from priortransactions, such as transactions 1597A, 1597B and 1597C, anddetermine, by identifying and applying a tax alignment digital rule1550, that the seller's economic nexus had been reached in a state in aprior year, which now makes the seller 1593 delinquent. The OSP 1598shows an extra button, for the seller 1598 to have the OSP 1598 proposean amnesty agreement (VDA) to the tax authority (TA) 1582, withoutdivulging to the TA 1582 who the seller is. The TA 1582 can accept bye-signing the VDA on behalf of tax jurisdiction B 1542.

Traditionally, a tax accountant proposes the VDA to the tax authority1581, telling them the seller's circumstance but without telling themwho their delinquent client is. Of course, if the tax authority 1581knew in advance who the delinquent client is, they would not need a VDA,or make any promises to a delinquent tax payer. In some cases, theclient is out of state, so the tax authority does not know. So,sometimes they go back and forth before reaching an agreement, where theclient will pay but the tax authority 1581 will not prosecute. When thetax authority signs the VDA, the seller is revealed. These processestake extra computing resources and burdens the systems of the taxaccountant, tax authorities, and sellers. Thus, the automated systemsand methods described herein for an OSP generating and transmitting to athird party, on behalf of a primary entity, a proposal of the primaryentity while maintaining the anonymity of the primary entity, improvethe functioning of computer or other hardware, such as by reducing theprocessing, storage, and/or data transmission resources needed toperform various tasks, thereby enabling the tasks to be performed byless capable, capacious, and/or expensive hardware devices, enabling thetasks to be performed with less latency and/or preserving more of theconserved resources for use in performing other tasks or additionalinstances of the same task.

In an example embodiment, the OSP 1598 may propose only a simple VDA tothe tax authority 1581. The OSP 1598 may even detect the circumstancesof the seller 1593, and propose VDA text that the tax authority 1581 hasaccepted in the past for sellers under similar circumstances. So, theagency 1582 can accept the agreement proposed by the seller 1593 but, ifthere is any hiccup or judgement is called for which the OSP 1598 is notprepared, a human accountant is preferably called in. The OSP 1598enables the parties to do the negotiation, and both to e-sign the VDA,without disclosing one's identity until they both agree. The OSP 1598may permit agency 1582 to view (the permission indicated by arrow 1556)a subset 1554 of the propose set 1553 of VDA proposal components PC31563, PC4 1564, PC5 1565 and PC6 1566). The viewing is either by viewinginto a webpage of the OSP 1598, or by sending to the tax authority 1582a document with these terms. For seller 1593, data learned from the OSP1598 otherwise tax processing for the seller 1593 can be used to a)validate the seller's eligibility for VDA for the posted requirements ofthe tax authority 1581, and even populate the VDA proposal notification1536 and or the electronic document of the VDA, thus improvingefficiency of the computerized systems used to process and populate suchdocuments.

Additionally, the OSP 1598 has the ability to leverage OSP 1598 consumeruse data previously collected by the OSP 1598 to assist the seller 1593in preparation of the VDA—in particular the amounts of sales and/orconsumer use tax the seller believes they have in arrears to claim astax due on the VDA. The system may maintain a link to the analysis dataas support for the VDA and any audit of those VDA reports. By way ofexample, the OSP 1598 consumer use data may provide a clear variancebetween what a vendor charged the seller 1593 and what the tax engine1583 of the OSP 1598 calculated as the consumer use tax due. Thesevariances can be totaled up and collated within consumer use taxcalculation functionality of the OSP 1598 by tax jurisdiction. Thosetotals by jurisdiction may then feed the VDA proposal notification 1536with supportable details.

The systems and methods disclosed herein automate away the effort to puttogether—from scratch—a proposed VDA for a seller 1593, and send it tothe tax authority 1581 of a state. The seller 1593 is enabled to movefaster towards a VDA, without needing a human intermediary in the vastmajority of circumstances, especially those arising from economic nexuswith various tax jurisdictions. The tax authority 1581 does not need tocede any authority to be a party to the eventual VDA. The OSP 1593 isuniquely suitable to provide this functionality. In fact, it may be theOSP 1593 that first recognizes and informs an unsuspecting seller thatnexus arose and back taxes are due, which carry the risk of penalties.Embodiments may be presented to the seller 1593 immediately afterrecognizing their liability. The OSP 1598 may auto-populate theincipient VDA document. Operators of the OSP 1598 may invite each taxauthority in the set of the tax authorities 1580 to develop a policy ofauto-accepting via a respective agency (e.g. agency 1582 for taxauthority 1581), such as via VDA affirmation input 1558, assuming thatparty makes and signs for all the required representations. Theinvitation can be through a separate window, where the tax authority1581 enters their requirements for accepting a VDA. The OSP 1598 maypresent a group of standard requirements to start and let them edit withtheir own. The OSP 1598 may even have sample accepted individual VDAsfrom various tax authorities. For example, the OSP software may say:“these have been your requirements before, why not now?” Then each taxauthority may: a) decide on fixed questions that are required for thetaxpayer to answer “NO” (or “YES”), after which the VDA is granted andthere is no discretion to state officials; b) make those questions asfew and as basic as possible, so VDA eligibility is easy to check andassert in an e-signed form. VDAs will be granted via the OSP 1598, andprevious delinquent sellers will a) register, b) file old returns, c)pay their back taxes. Then tax authority 1581 can audit, also fortruthfulness in the VDA declaration.

In some embodiments, tax authorities states may have special clausesthey want in their agreement. The OSP 1598 may learn them and put themin the agreement text the OSP 1598 is creating. There may be provisionthat the tax authority 1598 gives the OSP 1598 feedback. In someembodiments, pricing of the service provided by the OSP 1598 makes it sothe seller 1593 does not lose momentum, from a) discovering taxliability to b) filling in an online form requesting a VDA. The OSP 1598may include the feature regarding detecting delinquency and preparingthe VDA under a broader service and make it worth “X” number of“transactions”, e.g. per tax authority, so the seller 1598 can keepgoing without needing to pause.

Operational examples and sample use cases are possible where theattribute of an entity in a dataset is any one of: the entity's name;type of entity; a physical location such as an address; a contactinformation element; transactions of the entity; an identifier of aspecific source of revenue received for a transaction of the entity;characteristics of transactions of the entity; licensure and/or orregistration of the entity and/or products or services the entityproduces, sells, stores and/or transfers; products or services produced,sold, stored and/or transferred by the entity; types of products orservices produced, sold, stored and/or transferred by the entity; alocation to which products are sent, shipped or transferred; a locationfrom which products are received; a location of a property owned by theentity; a location of a property owned by the entity within a particularregion of other domain; an affiliation; a characterization of anotherentity; a characterization by another entity; an association orrelationship with another entity (general or specific instances); anasset of the entity; a declaration by or on behalf of the entity; and soon. Different resources may be produced in such instances, and so on.

In particular, FIG. 15 is a diagram for an operational example and usecase where the resource includes a domain tax obligation 1579 of aprimary entity, such as seller 1593 of goods or services and/or asecondary entity, such as buyer 1596A, 1596B or 1596C of goods orservices, due to respective corresponding transactions 1597A, 1597B and1597C. It will be recognized that aspects of FIG. 15 have similaritieswith aspects of FIG. 1. Portions of such aspects may be implemented asdescribed for analogous aspects of FIG. 1. In particular, a computersystem 1595 is shown, which is used to help primary entities, such as aseller 1593 and an associated user 1592, with tax compliance. Further inthis example, the computer system 1595 is part of an OSP 1598 that isimplemented as a Software as a Service (SaaS) provider, for beingaccessed by the user 1592 online. Alternately, the functionality of thecomputer system 1595 may be provided locally to a user.

The user 1592 may be standalone. The user 1592 may use a computer system1590 that has a screen 1591. In embodiments, the user 1592 and thecomputer system 1590 are considered part of the seller 1593, which isalso known as entity 1593. The seller 1593 can be a business, such as aseller of items, a reseller, and so on. The user 1592 can be anemployee, a contractor, or otherwise an agent of the entity 1593. In usecases, the seller 1593 and the buyer 1596C are performing the buy-selltransaction 1597C. The transaction 1597C will have data that is known tothe seller 1593, similarly with what was described by the relationshipinstance 197 of FIG. 1.

In a number of instances, the user 1592 and the seller 1593 use softwareapplications to manage their business activities, such as sales,resource management, production, inventory management, delivery,billing, and so on. The user 1592 and/or the seller 1593 may further useaccounting applications to manage purchase orders, reservations,bookings, sales invoices, refunds, payroll, accounts payable, accountsreceivable, and so on. Such software applications, and more, may be usedlocally by the user 1592 or from an Online Processing Facility (OPF)1589 that has been engaged for this purpose by the user 1592, and/or theseller. In such use cases, the OPF 1589 can be a Mobile Payments system,a Point of Sale (POS) system, an Accounting application, an EnterpriseResource Planning (ERP) provider, an e-commerce provider, an electronicmarketplace, a Seller Relationship Management (CRM) system, and so on.

Businesses have tax obligations to various tax authorities of respectivedomains (e.g., respective tax jurisdictions). A first challenge is inmaking the related determinations. Tax-related determinations, made forthe ultimate purpose of tax compliance, are challenging because theunderlying statutes and tax rules and guidance issued by the taxauthorities are very complex. There are various types of tax, such assales tax, use tax, excise tax, value-added tax, lodging tax, and issuesabout cross-border taxation including customs and duties, and many more.Some types of tax are industry specific. Each type of tax has its ownset of rules. Additionally, statutes, tax rules, and rates change often,and new tax rules are continuously added. Compliance becomes furthercomplicated when a taxing authority, such as tax authority 1581 or taxauthority 1521 promulgates new tax types and/or tax exemption rules, orremoves exemptions, of which the seller 1593 is presently unaware.

Tax jurisdictions are defined mainly by geography. Businesses have taxobligations to various tax authorities within the respective taxjurisdictions. There are various tax authorities, such as that of acountry, of a state, of a municipality, of a local district such as alocal transit district and so on. So, for example, when a business sellsitems in transactions that can be taxed by a tax authority, the businessmay have the tax obligations to the tax authority. These obligationsinclude requiring the business to: a) register itself with the taxauthority's taxing agency, b) set up internal processes for collectingsales tax in accordance with the sales tax rules of the tax authority,c) maintain records of the sales transactions and of the collected salestax in the event of a subsequent audit by the taxing agency, d)periodically prepare a form (“tax return”) that includes an accuratedetermination of the amount of the money owed to the tax authority assales tax because of the sales transactions, e) file the tax return withthe tax authority by a deadline determined by the tax authority, and f)pay (“remit”) that amount of money to the tax authority. In such cases,the filing and payment frequency and deadlines are determined by the taxauthority.

A technical problem for businesses is that the above-mentioned softwareapplications generally cannot provide tax information that is accurateand current enough for the businesses to be tax compliant with all therelevant tax authorities. The lack of accuracy may manifest itself aserrors in the amounts determined to be owed as taxes to the various taxauthorities, and it is plain not good to have such errors. For example,businesses that sell products and services have risks whether theyover-estimate or under-estimate the sales tax due from a saletransaction. On the one hand, if a seller over-estimates the sales taxdue, then the seller collects more sales tax from the buyers than wasdue. Of course, the seller may not keep this surplus sales tax, butinstead must pay it to the tax authorities—if they cannot refund it tothe buyers. If a buyer later learns that they paid unnecessarily moresales tax than was due, the seller risks at least harm to theirreputation. Sometimes the buyer will have the option to ask the statefor a refund of the excess tax by sending an explanation and thereceipt, but that is often not done as it is too cumbersome. On theother hand, if a seller under-estimates the sales tax due, then theseller collects less sales tax from the buyers, and therefore pays lesssales tax to the authorities than was actually due. That is anunderpayment of sales tax that will likely be discovered later, if thetax authority audits the seller. Then the seller may be required to paythe difference, plus fines and/or late fees, because ignorance of thelaw is not an excuse. Further, one should note that sales taxes areconsidered trust-fund taxes, meaning that the management of a companycan be held personally liable for the unpaid sales tax.

For sales in particular, making correct determinations for sales and usetax is even more difficult. There are a number of factors thatcontribute to its complexity.

First, some state and local tax authorities have origin-based tax rules,while others have destination-based tax rules. Accordingly, a sales taxmay be charged from the seller's location or from the buyer's location.

Second, the various tax authorities assess different, i.e. non-uniform,percentage rates of the sales price as sales tax, for the purchase andsale of items that involve their various tax jurisdictions. These taxjurisdictions include various states, counties, cities, municipalities,special taxing jurisdictions, and so on. In fact, there are over 10,000different tax jurisdictions in the US, with many partially overlapping.

Third, in some instances no sales tax is due at all because of the typeof item sold. For example, in 2018 selling cowboy boots was exempt fromsales tax in Texas, but not in New York. This non-uniformity gives riseto numerous individual taxability rules related to various products andservices across different tax jurisdictions.

Fourth, in some instances no sales tax is due at all because of who theindividual buyer is. For example, certain entities are exempt frompaying sales tax on their purchases, so long as they properly create andsign an exemption certificate and give it to the seller for eachpurchase made. Entities that are entitled to such exemptions may includewholesalers, resellers, non-profit charities, educational institutions,etc. Of course, who can be exempt is not exactly the same in each taxjurisdiction. And, even when an entity is entitled to be exempt,different tax jurisdictions may have different requirements for thecertificate of exemption to be issued and/or remain valid.

Fifth, it can be difficult to determine which tax authorities a sellerowes sales tax to. A seller may start with tax jurisdictions that it hasa physical presence in, such as a main office, a distribution center orwarehouse, an employee working remotely, and so on. Such ties with a taxjurisdiction establish the so-called physical nexus. However, a taxauthority such as a state or even a city may set its own nexus rules forwhen a business is considered to be “engaged in business” with it, andtherefore that business is subject to registration and collection ofsales taxes. These nexus rules may include different types of nexus,such as affiliate nexus, click-through nexus, cookie nexus, economicnexus with thresholds, and so on. For instance, due to economic nexus, aremote seller may owe sales tax for sales made in the jurisdiction thatare a) above a set threshold volume, and/or b) above a set thresholdnumber of sales transactions.

To help with such complex determinations and solve such technicalproblems, the computer system 1595 may be specialized device for taxcompliance as disclosed herein. The computer system 1595 may have one ormore processors and memory, for example, as was described for thecomputer system 195 of FIG. 1. The computer system 1595 thus implementsa tax engine 1583 to determine sales tax obligations on transactionsassociated with a particular jurisdiction for sellers based on variouscriteria of the digital tax rules 1570. The tax engine 1583 can be asdescribed for the service engine 183.

The computer system 1595 may further store locally entity data, i.e.data of user 1592, of entity 1593, any of which/whom may be a seller,and/or a seller or a buyer in a sales transaction in variousembodiments. The entity data may include profile data of the seller andtransaction data from which a determination of a tax obligation isdesired. In the online implementation of FIG. 15, the OSP 1598 has adatabase 1594 for storing the entity data. This entity data may beinputted by the user 1592, and/or caused to be downloaded or uploaded bythe user 1592 from the computer system 1590 or from the OPF 1589, orextracted from the computer system 1590 or from the OPF 1589, and so on.In other implementations, a simpler memory configuration may suffice forstoring the entity data.

Digital tax content 1586 is further implemented within the OSP 1598. Thedigital tax content 1586 can be a utility that stores digital tax rules1570 and tax alignment digital rules, such as tax alignment digital rule1550, for use by the tax engine 1583. As part of managing the digitaltax content 1586, there may be continuous updates of the digital taxrules and tax alignment digital rules by inputs gleaned from a set 1580of different tax authorities 1581, 1521, and so on. Updating may beperformed by humans, or by computers, and so on. As mentioned above, thenumber of the different tax authorities in the set of tax authorities1580 may be very large and the digital tax rules resulting from taxregulations promulgated by such tax authorities in the set 1580, oncerecognized and stored by the OSP 1598, may be used to determine whethereconomic nexus thresholds have been met or exceeded, determine whetherthe seller 1593 is delinquent and provide the associated automated VDApreparation and communication services described herein.

For a specific determination of a tax obligation, the computer system1595 may receive one or more datasets. A sample received dataset 1535Cand 1535B can be similar to what was described respectively for thedataset 135C and 135B of FIG. 1. In this example, the computer system1590 transmits a request 1584 that includes a payload 1534, and thedataset 1535C is received by the computer system 1595 parsing thereceived payload 1534. In this example, the single payload 1534 encodesthe entire dataset 1535C, but that is not required, as mentionedearlier. The request 1584 may also include particular option selectionsregarding the one or more predefined services that the OSP 1598 can beconfigured to perform, such as options regarding receiving notificationsabout the tax delinquency of the seller 1593. For example, suchnotifications may be sent responsive to the alignment condition of thetax alignment digital rule 1550 not being met as determined at 1551. Inparticular, the determination at 1551 may be made based on the OSP 098identifying and applying alignment digital tax rule 1550 to the domaintax obligation 1579 based on one or more attributes of the transactions1586B and 1596C (e.g. as indicated by to the datasets 1535C and 1535B).

In some instances, the user 1592 or the seller 1593 may havetransactions with buyers. Only three such buyers 1596A, 1596B and 1596Care shown (which may also be referred to herein collectively as buyer1596). Examples of such transactions are represented by transaction1597A representing a transaction with buyer 1596A, transaction 1597Brepresenting a transaction with buyer 1596B, and transaction 1597Crepresenting a transaction with s buyer 1596C. However, additional orfewer buyers may be present in various other embodiments. For example,the seller 1593 may have a transaction 1597B with buyer 1596B via anintermediary entity (not shown).

In some instances, the user 1592 and the seller 1593 may have data aboutone or more buyers, for example, via transactions of the user 1592 orseller 1593 with the secondary entities 1596A, 1596B and 1596C. Theseller 1593, an intermediary entity and/or the buyers 1596A, 1596B and1596C may be referred to as simply entities. One of these entities mayhave one or more attributes. Such an attribute of such an entity may beany one of its name, type of entity, a physical or geographical locationsuch as an address, a contact information element, an affiliation, acharacterization of another entity, a characterization by anotherentity, an association or relationship with another entity (general orspecific instances), an asset of the entity, a declaration by or onbehalf of the entity, and so on.

In embodiments, the computer system 1590 generates one or more datasetsthat characterize the above-mentioned transactions. Sample generateddatasets 1535C and 1535B are shown. The datasets 1535C and 1535B mayhave values that can be numerical, alphanumeric, Boolean, and so on, asneeded for what the values characterize. For example, an identity valueID may indicate an identity of the dataset 1535C, so as to differentiateit from other such datasets. At least one of the values of the dataset1535C may characterize an attribute of a certain one of the entities1593 and 1596C. (It should be noted that the arrows 1599C describe acorrespondence, but not the journey of data in becoming the dataset1535C.)

In embodiments, stored digital tax rules 1570 and tax alignment digitalrule 1550 may be accessed by the computer system 1595. These digitalrules 1570 and 1550 are digital in that they are implemented for use bysoftware. For example, these digital rules 1570 and 1550 may beimplemented within tax engine 1583. The data portion of these digitalrules 1570 and 1550 may alternately be implemented in memories in otherplaces, which can be accessed via the network 188. These digital rules1570 and 1550 may be accessed responsive to receiving a dataset, such asthe dataset 1535C and/or generation of a resource, such as the domaintax obligation 1579.

In embodiments, a certain one of the digital tax rules 1570 may beidentified from among the accessed stored rules by the computer system1595. In particular, values of the dataset 1535C can be tested,according to arrows 1571, against logical conditions of the digital taxrules 1570. In an example embodiment, one or more alignment digitalrules, including alignment digital rule, 1550 may be stored thatindicate requirements for the domain tax obligation 1579 to meet analignment condition of a particular tax jurisdiction (e.g., taxjurisdiction B 1542 in the present example). For example, suchrequirements may be based on one or more attributes of the transactions1597B and 1597C and/or the domain tax obligation 1579. Thus, values ofthe domain resource 1579 can also be tested against logical conditionsof the tax alignment digital rule 1550. Also, tax alignment digital rule1550 may be identified from other stored tax alignment digital rulesbased on the identified tax jurisdiction (tax jurisdiction B 1542 in thepresent example) and/or one or more attributes of the identified taxjurisdiction. In this example, the certain tax rule T_RULE5 1575 isidentified, which is indicated also by the beginning of an arrow 1578C.Identifying may be performed in a number of ways depending on how thedigital tax rules 1570 are implemented.

The tax engine 1583 may communicate with various other systems,programs, entities and remote devices. The tax engine 1583 may bedesigned to take advantage of existing protocols. While REST API can beused over nearly any protocol, it usually takes advantage of HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) when used for Web APIs. This architectureenables the seller 1593 to directly consume a REST API from theirparticular application, without using a connector. The particularapplication of the remote device may be able to fetch internally fromthe remote device the details required for the service desired from theOSP 1598, and thus send or push the request 1584 to the tax engine 1583.The tax engine 1583 in turn determines the requested tax obligations1579B, 1579C, . . . for individual transactions within a domain, and thedomain tax obligation 1579 for the domain.

In this example, the dataset 1535C has been received because it isdesired to determine any tax obligations arising from the buy-selltransaction 1597C. As such, the sample received dataset 1535C has valuesthat characterize attributes of the buy-sell transaction 1597C.Accordingly, in this example the sample received dataset 1535C has avalue ID for an identity of the dataset 1535C and/or the transaction1597C. The dataset 1535C also has a value PE for the name of the seller1593 or the user 1592, which can be the seller 1593 making salestransactions, some online. The dataset 1535C further has a value PD forrelevant data of the seller 1593 the user 1592, or the transaction, suchas calendar year of the transaction, an address, place(s) of business,prior nexus determinations with various tax jurisdictions, and so on.The dataset 1535C also has a value SE for the name of the buyer 1596C.The dataset 1535C further has a value SD for relevant data of the buyer1596C, and so on. The dataset 1535C has a value B2 for the sale price ofthe item sold.

The dataset 1535C may have fewer values or have additional values, asindicated by the dot-dot-dot in the dataset 1535C. These values maycharacterize further attributes, such as characteristics of the itembeing sold, data identifying of or otherwise relating to a license orregistration required for the transaction, a date and possibly also timeof the transaction 1597C, and so on.

The digital tax rules 1570 have been created so as to accommodate taxrules that the set 1580 of different tax authorities 1581, 1521, etc.,promulgate within the boundaries of their tax jurisdictions. In FIG. 15,five sample digital tax rules are shown, namely T_RULE2 1572, T_RULE31573, T_RULE5 1575, T_RULE6 1576 and T_RULE7 1577. Additional digitaltax rules 1570 are suggested by the vertical dot-dot-dots. Similarlywith FIG. 1, some of these digital tax rules may be digital main rulesthat determine the tax obligations 1579C and 1579B, while others can bedigital precedence rules that indicate economic thresholds, determinewhen economic thresholds are crossed or which of the digital main rulesis to be applied in the event of conflict. In some use cases, digitalmain tax rules may be about a sales tax or use tax being owed due to thetransaction 1597C at a certain percentage of the purchase price. Digitalprecedence rules may be digital tax rules that determine whetherparticular digital tax rules are to be applied for origin-based ordestination-based jurisdictions, how to override for diverse taxabilityof individual items, for temporary tax holidays, for exemptions fromhaving to pay sales tax based on who the buyer is, and also based onnexus, and so on. In the present example, digital precedence rules maybe digital tax rules that determine whether particular digital tax rulesare to be applied and may include or comprise the alignment digital taxrules, such as alignment digital tax rule 1550.

Similarly with FIG. 3, these digital tax rules 1570, including alignmentdigital tax rule 1550, can be implemented or organized in differentways. In some use cases they can be organized with conditions andconsequents, such as was described earlier in this document. Suchconditions may relate to geographical boundaries, sources of revenue,effective dates, types of goods or services being sold, and so on, fordetermining where and when a digital tax rule or tax rate is to beapplied. These conditions may be expressed as logical conditions withranges, dates, other data, and so on. Values of the dataset 1535C can beiteratively tested against these logical conditions according to arrows1571. In such cases, the consequents may indicate one or more economicthresholds and tax obligations, such as to indicate different types oftaxes that are due, rules, rates, exemption requirements, reportingrequirements, remittance requirements, etc.

In this example, a certain digital tax rule T_RULE5 1575 is shown asidentified and used, which is indicated also by arrow 1578C. Identifyingmay be performed responsive to the values of the dataset 1535C, whichare shown as considered for digital tax rules 1570 by arrows 1571. Forexample, it can be recognized that a condition of the digital tax ruleT_RULE5 1575 is met by one or more of the values of the dataset 1535C.

In the present example, the tax service engine 1583 computes taxobligations (tax obligation 1579C and tax obligation 1579B in thepresent example) for each of the respective datasets (dataset 1535C anddataset 1535B of the identified tax jurisdiction B 1542 in the presentexample). The tax engine 1583 then computes a domain tax obligation 1579based on those resources. For example, the domain tax obligation 1579may be a sum of the transaction amounts of dataset 1535C and dataset1535B and/or indicate the total number of transactions associated withthe identified tax jurisdiction (tax jurisdiction B 1542 in the presentexample) represented by 1535C and dataset 1535B.

Then tax engine 1583 then identifies and applies the tax alignmentdigital rule 1550 to the transaction data comprising dataset 1535C anddataset 1535B and the domain tax obligation 1579 to determine whether ornot an alignment condition of tax jurisdiction B 1542 is met. If thealignment condition is not met, the then tax engine 1583 assembles VDAproposal components 154 from a previously stored set of VDA proposalcomponents 1553. The tax engine 1583 acts to enable specific ones(subset 1554) of the set 1553 of assembled VDA proposal components 1554(e.g., specific proposal components PC3 1563, PC4 1564, PC5 1565 and PC61566) to be viewable by the agency 1582 of tax jurisdiction B 1542.However, VDA proposal components PC1 1561 and PC2 1562 are not selectedto be to be viewable (per arrow 1556) by the agency 1582 of taxjurisdiction B 1542 at least temporarily, until the proposal isaccepted. These not viewable proposal components PC1 1561 and PC2 1562may be the name and signature of the primary entity.

In the present example, the tax engine 1583 then transmits a VDAproposal notification 1536 to the computer 1544 of an agency 1582 of thetax jurisdiction B 1542. The VDA proposal notification 1536 indicateshow the enabled specific VDA proposal components 1554 may be viewed by auser of a computer 1544 of the agency 1582 and further requests a VDAaffirmation input 1558 from a computer 144 of the agency 1582. The VDAproposal notification 1536 can be about an aspect of a VDA proposalincluding the specific VDA proposal components 1554. In particular, theVDA proposal notification 1536 may inform about the aspect of thespecific VDA proposal components 1554, namely that they have beendetermined, where they can be found, what it they are, and so on. TheVDA proposal notification 1536 notification is formatted and transmittedin a manner such that the recipient of the VDA proposal notification1536 understands what it is being provided.

The tax engine 1583 then receives the VDA affirmation input 1558 via anelectronic communication 1557 from a computer system 1544 of the agency1582 in response to the VDA proposal notification 1536. The tax engine1583 then effectuates one or more VDA follow-up notifications 1560 tothe seller 1593 and the agency 1582 via an electronic communication 1559that publishes the VDA to both the seller 1593 and the agency 1582 andreveals the identity of the seller 1593.

The VDA proposal notification 1536 can be transmitted to one of anoutput device and another device. The output device may be the screen ofa local user or a remote user. The proposal notification 1536 may thuscause a desired image, message, or other such notification to appear onthe screen, such as within a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and so on.The other device can be the remote device, from which the dataset 1535Cwas received, as in the example of FIG. 1. In particular, the computersystem 1595 may cause the notification 1536 to be communicated by beingencoded as a payload 1537, which is carried by a response 1587. Theresponse 1587 may be transmitted via the network 188 responsive to thereceived request 1584. The response 1587 may be transmitted to thecomputer system 1590, or to OPF 1589, and so on. As such, the otherdevice can be the computer system 1544, computer system 1590, or the OPF1589, or the screen 1591 of the user 1592, and so on. In this example,the single payload 1537 encodes the entire notification 1536, but thatis not required. Similarly with what is written above about encodingdatasets in payloads, the notification 1536 instead may be provided viatwo or more payloads, or in other cases the notification 136 and atleast one other notification may be included in the same single payload.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a plurality of extracted datasets 1609associated with a plurality of tax jurisdictions, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, each dataset represents and includesdata corresponding to a transaction of the primary entity, such asseller 1593 in FIG. 15, which is a provider of goods or services, and asecondary entity (e.g., a recipient of the goods or services), such asbuyer 1596C in FIG. 15. Shown in extracted datasets 1609 are individualvalues for parameter value ID, which is an identifier of the dataset,parameter value DY, which is, in the present example use case, thecalendar year in which the transaction occurred and, in this example,has the one of the values 18, 19 and 20 for the calendar years 2018,2019 and 2020; parameter value BX, which is, in the present example usecase, the amount of the transaction; and parameter value ST, which is,in the present example use case, the domain (e.g., state) associatedwith the transaction and, in this example, has the one of the values IL(Illinois), CA (California), NY (New York) and NJ (New Jersey). Eachdataset may have additional parameters, indicated by the dot-dot-dot. Inthe present example, the extracted datasets 1609 have not been speciallysorted.

FIG. 17 illustrates the example datasets from FIG. 16 that have beensorted, grouped or otherwise filtered according to various embodimentsof the disclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerizedsystems.

In some embodiments, the sorting, grouping or otherwise filtering of thedatasets 1609 of the seller data in a particular manner enable orotherwise facilitate the seller data to be processed by the OSP 1598 inorder to apply one or more digital tax rules 1570 to the copied data togenerate a domain tax obligation 1579, a determination regarding whethera threshold has been crossed for purposes of determining whether aresource is due to a particular tax jurisdiction, and/or a determinationwhether or not an alignment condition of the tax jurisdiction is metaccording to an tax alignment digital rule 1550. In the present example,the copied seller data is filtered (e.g., by the OSP 1598) such that thedatasets are grouped or categorized by the parameter value DY (calendaryear of the transaction) and the parameter value ST (domain associatedwith the transaction).

The datasets 1609 are shown filtered in such a manner within a matrix inwhich the horizontal axis 1708 of the matrix represents time in terms ofthe calendar year of the transaction represented by the dataset and thevertical axis 1707 of the matrix represents the domain (e.g., taxjurisdiction) associated with the transaction represented by thedataset. This filtering defines a matrix of cells by tax jurisdictionand calendar year or tax year, and datasets are categorized within thecells. Thus, each cell of the matrix contains the datasets fortransactions that occurred in a particular year and that are associatedwith a tax jurisdiction.

In some embodiments, the matrix shown in FIG. 17 represents a datastructure of the client data as generated, filtered and/or stored by theOSP 1598, or may represent logical relationships between the datasets asa result of the filtering. In some embodiments, such filtering may beperformed by a tax engine 1583 of the OSP 1098. In some embodiments, theOSP 1598 may extrapolate from, or interpret the filtered datasets todetect, relevant trends, patterns or other information relevant to theclient entity (e.g., that the seller 1593 has crossed one or morethresholds for economic nexus one or more of those states).

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of application of tax rules to datasetsaccording to various embodiments of the disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems.

The filtering of the datasets of the seller data into cells, asdescribed with respect to FIG. 17, in which each cell contains thedatasets for transactions that occurred in a particular year and thatare associated with a particular domain or tax authority, facilitate theseller data to be processed by the OSP 1598 in order to apply one ormore digital rules based on whether a nexus threshold has been met forparticular domain in a particular calendar year. For example, such maybe useful for a client entity or OSP 1598 to determine whether theseller is subject to sales tax regulations for a particular taxjurisdiction and is obligated to collect and remit sales tax forparticular domain.

In the present example, the stored digital rules (including taxalignment digital rule 1550) facilitate determining whether an economicnexus is established for purposes of remitting transaction tax in thecertain domain (e.g. tax jurisdiction). However, different states havedifferent thresholds for determining whether there is an economic nexus,which provides a problem for retailers in determining whether they arecompliant with the tax rules in various jurisdictions, especially whenthe retailers have ever changing total revenue and numbers oftransactions in various different domains (e.g., tax jurisdictions).

For example, the digital rules applied by the OSP 1598 may be based onregulations regarding a monetary amount of sales that are associatedwith each of various tax jurisdictions (e.g., states) and/or a volume ofsales transactions that are associated with each of various taxjurisdictions. In an embodiment, the regulation may indicate the cliententity is obligated to collect and remit sales tax in a particular taxjurisdiction if a particular economic nexus is met. For example, thisparticular economic nexus may be that within a particular calendar year,the total number of transactions exceed a particular threshold and thesum of the transaction amounts of all those transactions in thatcalendar year exceed another threshold. Thus, the digital rule based onthe regulation will test the datasets representing those transactions todetermine whether the thresholds are met for those datasets.

In FIG. 18, the datasets of a single cell are shown as having—orbeing—in the same time duration CY, and also being in the same taxauthority (domain) ST. In the present embodiment, the computer system ofthe OSP 1598 applies such a digital rule to each cell of the matrix ofFIG. 17, as each cell contains datasets for a particular year andparticular tax jurisdiction. In various embodiments, different digitalrules may be applied to different cells associated with differentdomains, as each domain (e.g., tax jurisdiction) may have different taxregulations on which the digital rules are based. For example, as shownin FIG. 18, for each cell in the matrix of FIG. 17, the OSP 1598calculates the sum of the transaction amounts (represented by parametervalue BX in each dataset) of all the datasets in the cell, whichrepresents the monetary amount of sales for the client entity in theparticular year and domain associated with that cell. The OSP 1598 thendetermines whether this sum exceeds a threshold (TH1), represented byinequality 1801. For each cell in the matrix of FIG. 17, the OSP 1598may also calculate the total number of datasets (N) in the cell, whichrepresents the total number of transactions of the seller in the domainand calendar year associated with that cell. The OSP 1598 thendetermines whether the total number of datasets (N) in the cell exceedsa threshold (TH2), represented by inequality 1802 seen in FIG. 18.According to the digital rule in the present example, if the sum of thetransaction amounts for a particular cell exceeds a threshold TH1 andthe total number of datasets in the cell exceeds threshold TH2 (i.e., ifinequality 1801 and inequality 1802 exist for that particular cell),then the economic nexus for the tax jurisdiction and year associatedwith that particular cell is met and the OSP 1598 may as a resultdetermine that the seller is delinquent of such associated taxobligations have not yet been met.

FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram illustration of an example sequence ofcommunications 1900 between the seller 1593, the OSP 1598 and the taxauthority 1581 according to various embodiments of the disclosure, whichis an improvement in automated computerized systems. Examplecommunications between the seller 1593, the OSP 1598 and the taxauthority 1581 are shown as they occur in order from top to bottom.Arrows indicate the direction of the communication from one entity toanother. Communications 1902 are those between the seller 1593 and theOSP 1598, and communications 1904 are those between the OSP 1598 and thetax authority 1581, 1582, etc., with the OSP 1598 acting as intermediarybetween the seller 1593 and the tax authority 1581.

FIG. 20A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2001 in which anotification 2091 is presented to a seller 1593 regarding discoveredback taxes due in a tax jurisdiction and options for proceeding,according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which is animprovement in automated computerized systems. Shown is UI 2001presented on a screen 2091 of a device. For example, the screen 2091 maybe screen 1591 of the computer system 1590 or other device of the seller1593 or user 1592 of FIG. 15. UI 2001 may comprise a portion of a UI ofthe OSP 1598 presented to the seller 1593 or user 1592.

The UI of FIG. 20A is simplified. In fact, the OSP 1598 could discernmore; for example, it could show something like the following, some ofwhich could further be hyperlinks:

“Dear customer:

Thank you for uploading your data. Upon reviewing it, we just determinedyou owe back taxes in some states. You will of course have to a) filereturns (we can help) and b) pay those taxes.

Plus, you will likely owe interest and penalties. Worryingly, you may besubjected to criminal prosecution.

In many states you can avoid the criminal prosecution if you approachthem—anonymously via an intermediary—and establish a type of amnestyagreement that is called a Voluntary Disclosure Agreement (VDA) withtheir Tax Authority. Click here to learn more about VDAs.

Perhaps you can use our system as such an intermediary to approach themfor establishing VDAs. From the data you gave us: you owe returns andtaxes in the following three categories of states: GREEN, YELLOW AND RED

A) GREEN: VDA PREDICTABLE FOR YOU VIA OUR SYSTEM: The following stateshave established guidelines for reaching a simple VDA with them and apolicy of accepting proposals according to them. Per the data you gaveus, you qualify:

[STATE_21] [AMT_OWED_21] Click here to start the VDA process with thisstate using our system.

[STATE_22] [AMT_OWED_22] Click here to start the VDA process with thisstate using our system.

. . .

B) YELLOW: VDA MAY BE POSSIBLE FOR YOU VIA OUR SYSTEM: The followingstates have not established guidelines for reaching a VDA with them, butour system enables you to approach them anonymously, and propose VDAswith them with proposals that many of them accept; it is possible thatthese states will accept also your proposals:

[STATE_31] [AMT_OWED_31] Click here to approach this state for a simpleVDA.

[STATE_32] [AMT_OWED_32] Click here to approach this state for a simpleVDA.

. . .

C) RED: YOU SHOULD NOT TRY A VDA THROUGH OUR SYSTEM: The followingstates have established guidelines for automatically reaching simpleVDAs with them, and YOU DO NOT QUALIFY:

[STATE_41] [AMT_OWED_41] Click here to contact a professional to adviseyou for this state.

[STATE_42] [AMT_OWED_42] Click here to contact a professional to adviseyou for this state.

. . . ”

As more and more states 1) respond, and as a result b) create and entertheir own requirements with a policy to auto-accept them, more will movefrom category B to category A.

FIG. 20B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2002 in which aquestionnaire is presented to a seller regarding qualifications forcreating a voluntary disclosure agreement (VDA), according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 2002 presented on a screen2091 of a device. UI 2002 may comprise a portion of a UI of the OSP 1598presented to the seller 1593 or user 1592. Shown are various questionsin response to which the seller 1593 must respond “YES” via the UI 2002in order to qualify for the OSP 1598 to generate and present a proposedVDA.

FIG. 20C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2003 in which afurther portion of a questionnaire started in FIG. 20B and an option toview a generated VDA is presented to a seller, according to embodimentsof the present disclosure, which is an improvement in automatedcomputerized systems. Shown is UI 2003 presented on a screen 2091 of adevice. UI 2003 may comprise a portion of a UI of the OSP 1598 presentedto the seller 1593 or user 1592. Once answers the questions presented inUI 2002 and UI 2003, the user may select an option via the UI 2003 toview the full VDA generated by the OSP 1593.

FIG. 20D is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2004 in which optionsto sign and send the VDA of FIG. 20C is presented to a seller, accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 2004 presented on a screen2091 of a device. UI 2004 may comprise a portion of a UI of the OSP 1598presented to the seller 1593 or user 1592. The information provided inUI 2004 identifying the seller 1593 may be initially blocked from viewby the agency 1582 until the agency accepts the proposed VDA.

FIG. 20E is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2005 in whichsignature information fields of the UI 2004 of FIG. 20D are shown filledout; after they are filled out an option to send the VDA of FIG. 20C ispresented to a seller, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.Shown is UI 2005 presented on a screen 2091 of a device. UI 2005 maycomprise a portion of a UI of the OSP 1598 presented to the seller 1593or user 1592. After the seller 1593 has completed signature informationfields shown, a selectable UI element to send the VDA proposalnotification anonymously to the agency 1582 may be activated forselection by the seller 1593.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating elements of showing an exampleof operations at various times for how a VDA may be assembled accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Such operations may be performed in thecloud 2134 and relevant data stored in memory of the OSP 1593 in thecloud 2134.

For example, at time T1 the user 192 associated with the seller 2493 mayprovide personal data 2102 identifying the seller 2493 and this isassembled into the VDA work in progress (WIP) 2116.

At time T2 the user 192 may provide transaction data 2104, which isstored in memory 2106 in the cloud 2134. The transaction data 2104 maybe a collection of datasets, one for each transaction. A sample suchcollection was datasets 1535B, 1535C, . . . in FIG. 15. Another suchcollection was datasets 1609 in FIG. 16.

At time T3, the engine 2110 extracts transaction data from transactiondata 2104.

At time T4, the engine 2110 selects relevant transaction data forparticular tax jurisdictions, such as data of tax jurisdiction J1 2112,data of tax jurisdiction J2 2114 and data of other relevant taxjurisdictions represented by the dot, dot, dot. Such selections havebeen seen by the filtering operations of FIGS. 6 and 17. Then the engine2110 may determine a total liability for each jurisdiction and assemblesuch data into the VDA WIP 2116 to form seller representations 2120 inthe VDA WIP 2116. Sometimes the representations are first checked to seeif they are acceptable to the tax authority.

At time T5, the OSP 1593 extracts data identifying the applicable taxjurisdiction 2118 and the VDA terms 2124, 2126 and 2128 requested by theapplicable tax jurisdiction 2118 from information stored in memory 2106regarding tax jurisdictions 2108 and includes the data identifying theapplicable tax jurisdiction 2118. These data may include the names andaddresses of the jurisdictions, the name of a director in the office,and so on, The OSP may also include the VDA terms 2124, 2126 and 2128 inthe VDA WIP 2116, as proposal components. At time T5, the OSP 1593 alsoincludes the personal data 2102 identifying the seller 2493 in the VDAWIP 2116.

At time T6, the user 192 electronically signs the VDA WIP 2116, firstversion on behalf of the seller 2493 as requested, and the sellersignature 2132 is electronically affixed to or otherwise associated withthe VDA WIP 2116.

To prepare the VDA WIP 2116 for sending to the tax authority 2181, attime T7, the OSP 1598 prepares a second version of the VDA WIP 2116where it blacks out or otherwise masks or redacts the seller signature2132 before sending the VDA WIP 2116 to the tax authority 2181. Anexample of such redacting or blacking out was shown with blots 1281,1282 in FIG. 12B.

At time T8 the tax authority 2181 is enabled to see the VDA 2116 (secondversion, with the blots), but cannot identify the seller 2493.

At time T9, if approved after viewing the second version of the VDA WIP2116, the tax authority 2181 then electronically signs the VDA WIP 2116(e.g., via an agency) and the tax authority signature 2130 iselectronically affixed to or otherwise associated with the VDA WIP 2116.

FIG. 22A is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2201 in which a VDAproposal notification 1536 is presented to a tax authority 1581, such asa state (e.g., via agency 1582), according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.Shown is UI 2201 presented on a screen 2291 of a device. The screen 2291may be a screen of the computer system 1544 or other device of theagency 1582 of FIG. 15. For example, the UI 2201 may provide an optionfor the agency 1582 to review the proposed VDA document, and respond tothe proposal. In the event that a user of the computer 1544 at the taxagency 1582 may hesitate and need confidence in the decision to accept,as presented in the last paragraph of the UI 2201, the user may beoffered an option to see sample VDAs made by the tax jurisdiction B 1542in the past, and which can be similar to the ones proposed.

FIG. 22B is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2202 in which moreinstructions about the VDA proposal notification of FIG. 22A arepresented to tax authority 1581 (e.g., via agency 1582), according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 2202 presented on a screen2291 of a device. The screen 2291 may be a screen of the computer system1544 or other device of the agency 1582 of FIG. 15. For example, the UI2202 may be a continuation screen of UI 2201 and present important termsof the proposed VDA relevant to the particular tax authority 1581 andprovide a selectable option for the agency 1582 to view the fullproposed VDA.

FIG. 22C is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2203 in which anoption that permits the tax authority to e-sign, accepting the VDAproposal of FIG. 22A is presented to the tax authority 1581, accordingto embodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. Shown is UI 2203 presented on a screen2291 of a device. The screen 2291 may be a screen of the computer system1544 or other device of the agency 1582 of FIG. 15. For example, the UI2203 may provide signature fields including name, title and dateassociated with the electronic signature of the tax authority 1581 thatmay be initiated via the UI 2203 and completed via an electronicsignature process provided by the OSP 1598.

FIG. 22D is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2204 presenting asample of what happens when the tax authority has e-signed, the VDAproposal of FIG. 22A, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which is an improvement in automated computerized systems.Shown is UI 2204 presented on a screen 2291 of a device. The screen 2291may be a screen of the computer system 1544 or other device of theagency 1582 of FIG. 15. For example, the UI shows the signature fieldsname, title and date completed with information resulting from theelectronic signature of the proposed VDA agreement and also a selectableoption to create the full VDA with full names (and the seller namerevealed on the VDA) to show to both parties.

FIG. 23 is a sample view of a User Interface (UI) 2300 showing a samplefollow-up notification, notifying directly both the seller 1593 and thetax authority 1581 (e.g., via agency 1582), that a VDA has been reachedbetween the seller 1593 and the tax authority 1581, according toembodiments of the present disclosure, which is an improvement inautomated computerized systems. For example, the screen 2391 may bescreen 1591 of the computer system 1590 or other device of the seller1593 or user 1592 of FIG. 15. Also, the screen 2391 may be screen of thecomputer system 1544 or other device of the agency 1582 of FIG. 15. UI2300 is presented to the seller 1593 and agency 1582 indicating the VDAproposal has been signed by both the seller 1593 and agency 1582, andthus presents to both parties the option to view and/or download thesigned VDA.

FIGS. 24A-24D show a sample VDA that could be reached between a sellerand a tax authority, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,which is an improvement in automated computerized systems. For example,the UIs 2400A, 2400B, 2400C and 2400D shown in FIGS. 24-24D,respectively, show portions of the sample VDA and may represent a VDAthat is viewed or downloaded responsive to the user selecting the optionprovided in UI 2300 of FIG. 23 to view and/or download the signed VDA.

The embodiments described above may also use synchronous or asynchronousprimary entity-server computing techniques, including software as aservice (SaaS) techniques. However, the various components may beimplemented using more monolithic programming techniques as well, forexample, as an executable running on a single CPU computer system, oralternatively decomposed using a variety of structuring techniques knownin the art, including but not limited to, multiprogramming,multithreading, primary entity-server, or peer-to-peer, running on oneor more computer systems each having one or more CPUs. Some embodimentsmay execute concurrently and asynchronously, and further communicateusing message passing techniques. Equivalent synchronous embodiments arealso supported. Also, other functions could be implemented and/orperformed by each component/module, and in different orders, and bydifferent components/modules, yet still achieve the functions of thesystems and methods described herein.

In addition, programming interfaces to the data stored by the systemsdescribed herein and to other system components described herein may beavailable by mechanisms such as through C, C++, C #, and Java APIs;libraries for accessing files, databases, or other data repositories;through scripting languages such as JavaScript and VBScript; or throughWeb servers, FTP servers, or other types of servers providing access tostored data. The databases described herein and other system componentsmay be implemented by using one or more database systems, file systems,or any other technique for storing such information, or any combinationof the above, including implementations using distributed computingtechniques.

Different configurations and locations of programs and data arecontemplated for use with techniques described herein. A variety ofdistributed computing techniques are appropriate for implementing thecomponents of the embodiments in a distributed manner including but notlimited to TCP/IP sockets, RPC, RMI, HTTP, Web Services (XML-RPC,JAX-RPC, SOAP, and the like). Other variations are possible. Also, otherfunctionality may be provided by each component/module, or existingfunctionality could be distributed amongst the components/modules indifferent ways, yet still achieve the functions described herein.

Where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C,” “at least one ofA, B, and C,” “one or more A, B, or C,” or “one or more of A, B, and C”is used, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that Aalone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in anembodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that anycombination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a singleembodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C.

As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive orexclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided forresources, operations, or structures described herein as a singleinstance. Additionally, particular operations are illustrated in acontext of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations offunctionality are envisioned and may fall within a scope of variousembodiments of the present disclosure. In general, structures andfunctionality presented as separate resources in the exampleconfigurations may be implemented as a combined structure or resource.Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single resourcemay be implemented as separate resources. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within a scope ofembodiments of the present disclosure as represented by the appendedclaims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regardedin an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The various embodiments described above can be combined to providefurther embodiments. These and other changes can be made to theembodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, inthe following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limitthe claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specificationand the claims, but should be construed to include all possibleembodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which suchclaims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by thedisclosure.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A computer system including at least: oneor more processors; and a non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by theone or more processors, result in operations including at least:receiving relationship instance data of a primary entity relating toprevious relationship instances of the primary entity with secondaryentities; identifying a domain of at least one of the secondary entitiesfrom the received data; accessing previously stored resource digitalrules for the domain; producing, by applying the resource digital rulesto the relationship instance data of one or more of the secondaryentities of the domain, a domain resource regarding the domain;accessing a previously stored alignment digital rule for the domain;determining, by applying the alignment digital rule to at least one ofthe relationship instance data and the domain resource, whether or notan alignment condition of the domain is met; assembling, byautomatically, at least some of previously stored proposal components;acting to enable specific ones of the assembled proposal components tobe viewable by a third party, the specific proposal components notincluding an identity of the primary entity; causing a proposalnotification to be transmitted to a computer of an agency of the domain,the proposal notification indicating how the enabled specific proposalcomponents may be viewed by a user of a computer of the agency, theproposal notification further requesting an affirmation input from acomputer of the agency, in which at least one of the assembling, theacting to enable and the causing the proposal notification to betransmitted is performed responsive to determining that the alignmentcondition is not met; then receiving an affirmation input from acomputer of the agency in response to the transmitted proposalnotification; and then effectuating one or more follow-up notifications.2. The system of claim 1, in which: the relationship instance dataincludes datasets for the domain, and the alignment condition is not metif the datasets are more than a threshold number.
 3. The system of claim1, in which: the relationship instance data includes datasets for thedomain, the datasets include respective base values, and the alignmentcondition is not met if a sum of the respective base values exceeds athreshold number.
 4. The system of claim 1, in which: the relationshipinstance data includes at least one date of at least one of therelationship instances, a due date is determinable by the included date,and the alignment condition is not met if a report has not been filedwith an agency of the domain on behalf of the primary entity by the duedate about an aspect of the relationship instances.
 5. The system ofclaim 4, in which: the relationship instance data includes datasets forthe domain, and the alignment condition is not met if the datasets aremore than a threshold number.
 6. The system of claim 4, in which: therelationship instance data includes datasets for the domain, and thealignment condition is not met if the datasets are more than a thresholdnumber.
 7. The system of claim 1, in which the operations furtherinclude: causing a permission query to be presented in a User Interface(UI) of a computer of the primary entity that is viewable by a user ofthe primary entity; and receiving a permission input from the computerof the primary entity in response to the permission query, and in whichat least one of the assembling, acting to enable and causing theproposal notification to be transmitted is performed responsive toreceiving the permission input.
 8. The system of claim 1, in which theoperations further include: accessing a previously stored correctiondigital rule for the domain; determining, by applying the correctiondigital rule to the relationship instance data, whether or not acorrection eligibility condition of the domain is met, and in which thethus assembling is performed responsive to the correction eligibilitycondition being met.
 9. The system of claim 8, in which the operationsfurther include: storing an updated correction digital rule; anddetermining again, by applying the updated correction digital rule tothe relationship instance data responsive to the storing, whether or notthe correction eligibility condition is met, and in which the thusassembling is performed responsive to the correction eligibilitycondition being met.
 10. The system of claim 8, in which: therelationship instance data includes at least one date associated with atleast one of the relationship instances, a due date is determined fromthe alignment digital rule and the included date, a grace period of thedomain is determined from the previously stored correction digital rule,and the correction eligibility condition is met if the grace period hasnot elapsed since the due date.
 11. The system of claim 8, in which: therelationship instance data includes datasets for the domain, thedatasets include respective base values, and the correction eligibilitycondition is met if a sum of the respective base values is less than athreshold number.
 12. The system of claim 1, in which: the assembledproposal components are part of a proposed set, and the proposed setbeing for a proposal regarding the primary entity meeting the alignmentcondition at least in part.
 13. The system of claim 1, in which theoperations further include: accessing a previously stored correctiondigital rule for the domain, and in which a certain proposal componentis thus assembled by applying the previously stored correction digitalrule.
 14. The system of claim 1, in which: the assembled proposalcomponents are part of a proposed set, and at least one of the proposalcomponents of the proposed set is thus assembled by looking uppreviously stored proposal components for the domain.
 15. The system ofclaim 14, in which the operations further include: updating thepreviously stored proposal components; assembling again, byautomatically and in response to the updating, another proposed set ofat least some of the previously stored proposal components; and causinga permission query to be presented in a User Interface (UI) of acomputer of a user of the primary entity along with proposal componentsof the other proposed set.
 16. The system of claim 1, in which theoperations further include: receiving primary entity data of the primaryentity, the primary data including the identity of the primary entity;and storing the primary entity data, and in which the assembled proposalcomponents are part of a proposed set and the proposed set includes theidentity of the primary entity.
 17. The system of claim 1, in which theoperations further include: deriving a relevant number from therelationship instance data or the domain resource, and in which theassembled proposal components are part of a proposed set and theproposed set includes the relevant number.
 18. The system of claim 1, inwhich the operations further include: causing at least one of theassembled proposal components to be presented in a User Interface (UI)of a computer of a user of the primary entity.
 19. The system of claim18, in which the operations further include: receiving an electronicsignature from the user of the primary entity as one more of theassembled proposal components, and in which the specific ones of theassembled proposal components that are enabled to be viewable by a thirdparty do not include the received an electronic signature from the userof the primary entity.
 20. The system of claim 1, in which: theassembled proposal components are assembled in a proposal document. 21.The system of claim 20, in which the operations further include:receiving an electronic signature to the proposal document from theuser.
 22. The system of claim 1, in which: the acting to enable includespreparing a proposal webpage with the specific proposal components, andthe proposal notification provides a link to the proposal webpage. 23.The system of claim 1, in which: the acting to enable includes preparinga proposal webpage with the specific proposal components and anindication of a non-shown portion of an identity of the primary entity,and the proposal notification provides a link to the proposal webpage.24. The system of claim 1, in which: the acting to enable includespreparing a proposal document with the specific proposal components, andthe proposal notification provides a link that leads to opening theproposal document.
 25. The system of claim 1, in which: the acting toenable includes preparing a proposal document with the specific proposalcomponents and an indication of a non-shown portion of an identity ofthe primary entity, and the proposal notification provides a link thatleads to opening the proposal document.
 26. The system of claim 1, inwhich: the acting to enable includes preparing a proposal document withthe specific proposal components, and the proposal notification includesan email has the proposal document as an attachment.
 27. The system ofclaim 1, in which: the specific proposal components further include apromise that the identity of the primary entity will be revealedresponsive to the affirmation input being received.
 28. The system ofclaim 1, in which: the proposal notification includes a promise that theidentity of the primary entity will be revealed responsive to theaffirmation input being received.
 29. The system of claim 1, in whichthe operations further include: verifying the received affirmation inputagainst a validity criterion, and in which the effectuating is performedautomatically responsive to the verifying.
 30. The system of claim 1, inwhich: the proposal notification enables a representative of the domainto provide an electronic signature, and the affirmation input includesthe provided electronic signature.
 31. The system of claim 1, in which:the acting to enable includes preparing a proposal document thatincludes the specific proposal components, the proposal notificationenables a representative of the domain to affix an electronic signatureto the proposal document, and the affirmation input includes theproposal document with the affixed electronic signature by therepresentative.
 32. The system of claim 1, in which the affirmationinput includes an electronic signature by a representative of thedomain; and in which the operations further include: consulting aregistry of approved domain representatives; and verifying that theelectronic signature is from one of the approved domain representatives,and in which the effectuating is performed automatically responsive tothe verifying.
 33. The system of claim 1, in which: at least one of theone or more follow-up notifications about the received affirmation inputis sent to a computer of the primary entity.
 34. The system of claim 1,in which: at least one of the one or more follow-up notifications aboutthe identity of the primary entity is sent to a computer of the agency.35. The system of claim 1, in which: at least one of the one or morefollow-up notifications is sent concurrently to both a computer of theprimary entity and to a computer of the agency.
 36. The system of claim1, in which the operations further include: preparing a final documentthat lists the assembled proposal components, the identity of theprimary entity, an electronic signature by a user of a computer of theprimary entity, an identity of the domain and an electronic signature bya representative of the domain; and making the final document availableto a user of a computer of the primary entity and to a user of acomputer of the agency.
 37. The system of claim 1, in which theoperations further include: receiving, in response to the transmittedproposal notification, a negation input instead of an affirmation input;and transmitting, in response to the received negation input, a negationnotification to a computer of the primary entity.
 38. The system ofclaim 37, in which: along with the negation input, a counterproposalindication is included, and the counterproposal indication istransmitted together with the negation notification.